Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
PeerJ. 2023 Mar 9;11:e14895. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14895. eCollection 2023.
is a pathogenic, gram-positive bacterial species that causes caseous lymphadenitis in wild boars, domestic pigs and roe deer in Western Europe. It can affect animal production and cause zoonosis. Genome analysis has suggested that one strain from Portugal and one from Austria could probably produce the diphtheria toxin (DT), which inhibits protein synthesis and can cause death.
To further investigate the species genetic diversity and probable production of DT by Portuguese strains, eight isolates from this country were sequenced and compared to 38 public ones.
Strains from Portugal are monophyletic, nearly identical, form a unique cluster and have 27 out of 36 known virulence or niche factors. All of them lack a frameshift in the gene and were suggested to produce DT. A phylogenetic analysis shows that the species has diverged into two clades. Clade 1 is composed of strains that were suggested to have the ability to produce DT, represented by the monophyletic strains from Portugal and strain 05-13 from Austria. Clade 2 is composed of strains unable to produce DT due to a frameshifted gene. The second clade is represented by strains from Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Ten genome clusters were detected, in which strains from Germany are the most diverse. Strains from Portugal belong to an exclusive cluster. The pangenome has 2,961 proteins and is nearly closed ( = 0.968). Exclusive genes shared by clusters 1 and 2, and Portuguese strains are probably not related to disease manifestation as they share the same host but could play a role in their extra-host environmental adaptation. These results show the potential of the species to cause zoonosis, possibly diphtheria. The identified clusters, exclusively shaded genes, and exclusive STs identified in Portugal could be applied in the identification and epidemiology of the species.
是一种病原性革兰氏阳性细菌，在西欧的野猪、家猪和狍鹿中引起干酪样淋巴结炎。它会影响动物生产并引发人畜共患病。基因组分析表明，葡萄牙的一个菌株和奥地利的一个菌株可能会产生白喉毒素（DT），它会抑制蛋白质合成并导致死亡。
为了进一步研究葡萄牙菌株的种遗传多样性和可能产生的 DT，对来自该国的 8 个分离株进行了测序，并与 38 个公共菌株进行了比较。
来自葡萄牙的菌株是单系的，几乎完全相同，形成了一个独特的聚类，并且具有 36 个已知的毒力或生态位因子中的 27 个。它们都没有 基因的移码突变，并被建议产生 DT。系统发育分析表明，该物种已经分化为两个分支。1 分支由被认为具有产生 DT 能力的菌株组成，由单系的葡萄牙菌株和奥地利的 05-13 菌株代表。2 分支由由于 基因的移码突变而无法产生 DT 的菌株组成。2 分支由来自奥地利、德国和瑞士的菌株组成。检测到 10 个基因组簇，其中德国的菌株最多样化。来自葡萄牙的菌株属于一个独特的簇。泛基因组有 2961 个蛋白质，几乎是封闭的（=0.968）。1 分支和 2 分支共享的基因组簇特有基因和葡萄牙特有菌株可能与疾病表现无关，因为它们共享相同的宿主，但可能在其外宿主环境适应中发挥作用。这些结果表明该物种具有引起人畜共患病的潜力，可能是白喉。在葡萄牙鉴定的聚类、特有基因和特有 ST 可用于该物种的鉴定和流行病学研究。
