Volk Nicola Reiner, Vuong Jo-Lâm, Ferrauti Alexander
Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Feb 27;5:1140320. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1140320. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to correlate sprint mechanical parameters (SMP) of a linear sprint (LS) and a tennis specific modified 505 (Tm505) change of direction (CoD) test obtained with a motorized resistance device (MRD) to the current tennis ranking position (RP).
107 male and 86 female elite junior tennis players nationally ranked in the German Tennis Federation between 10 and 18 years participated in the study. According to their age at peak height velocity (PHV), players were divided into pre-PHV, circa-PHV, and post-PHV groups. SMP were derived from instantaneous time-velocity data of two 20 m all-out LS measured with 333 Hz. Further, mean values from two Tm505 trials with constant 3 kg loading over acceleration-deceleration (1a) and reacceleration (1b) phases were measured with an MRD. SMP of LS and CoD measurements were partially correlated with the current RP in the overall national ranking by controlling for biological maturation.
Low to moderate correlations ( = -0.1 to -0.3) were found between SMP and the RP in all male and female age groups. Correlations of the CoD measurements were overall more pronounced, particularly in girls ( = -0.44). All linear SMP, like maximal theoretical force (F; N/kg), and maximal theoretical velocity (v; m/s), maximal power (P; W/kg), improved over maturation for both genders with P being most important for sprint performance. Further, P was shown to correlate with the girls ranking position ( = -0.31). During the Tm505, matured players achieved significantly faster overall total and CoD times. Positioning of CoM before CoD enlarged over maturation and was found to correlate to the RP in both sexes. In addition, nearly all SMP significantly correlated to the primary performance outcomes in the Tm505 test in both genders ( = -0.3 to -0.6).
CoD performance has a moderate and higher impact on tennis performance compared to LS. CoD performance as well as P achieved a higher relevance for the ranking position predominantly in girls compared to boys. Hence, particularly P as well as the transfer to on-court CoD motor skills should be a central training goal in elite junior tennis players besides technical skills and should depend on maturation status and gender.
本研究旨在将使用电动阻力装置（MRD）获得的直线冲刺（LS）和网球特定改良505（Tm505）变向（CoD）测试的冲刺力学参数（SMP）与当前网球排名位置（RP）相关联。
107名男性和86名女性精英青少年网球运动员参与了本研究，他们在德国网球联合会全国排名中位列10至18岁。根据他们身高增长速度峰值（PHV）时的年龄，运动员被分为PHV前、接近PHV和PHV后三组。SMP源自用333Hz测量的两次20米全力LS的瞬时时间-速度数据。此外，使用MRD测量了两次Tm505试验在加速-减速（1a）和重新加速（1b）阶段恒定3kg负荷下的平均值。通过控制生物成熟度，LS的SMP和CoD测量值与全国总排名中的当前RP部分相关。
在所有男性和女性年龄组中，SMP与RP之间发现了低至中等程度的相关性（r = -0.1至-0.3）。CoD测量值的相关性总体上更显著，尤其是在女孩中（r = -0.44）。所有线性SMP，如最大理论力（F；N/kg）、最大理论速度（v；m/s）、最大功率（P；W/kg），在两性中随着成熟度的提高而改善，其中P对冲刺表现最为重要。此外，P与女孩的排名位置相关（r = -0.31）。在Tm505测试中，成熟运动员的总体总时间和CoD时间显著更快。CoD前质心的定位随着成熟度的提高而扩大，并且在两性中均与RP相关。此外，几乎所有SMP在两性中均与Tm505测试中的主要表现结果显著相关（r = -0.3至-0.6）。
与LS相比，CoD表现对网球表现的影响中等且更大。与男孩相比，CoD表现以及P在女孩的排名位置中具有更高的相关性。因此，除技术技能外，特别是P以及向场上CoD运动技能的转移应成为精英青少年网球运动员的核心训练目标，并且应取决于成熟状态和性别。
