Kojom Foko Loick Pradel, Hawadak Joseph, Verma Vaishali, Belle Ebanda Kedi Philippe, Eboumbou Moukoko Carole Else, Kamaraju Raghavendra, Pande Veena, Singh Vineeta
Parasite and Host Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Feb 28;11:1109841. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1109841. eCollection 2023.
The recent emergence of () parasites resistant to current artemisinin-based combination therapies in Africa justifies the need to develop new strategies for successful malaria control. We synthesized, characterized and evaluated medical applications of optimized silver nanoparticles using (AC-AgNPs), a plant largely used in African and Asian traditional medicine. Fresh leaves of were used to prepare aqueous crude extract, which was mixed with silver nitrate for AC-AgNPs synthesis and optimization. The optimized AC-AgNPs were characterized using several techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential. Thereafter, AC-AgNPs were evaluated for their hemocompatibility and antiplasmodial activity against malaria strains 3D7 and RKL9. Finally, lethal activity of AC-AgNPs was assessed against mosquito larvae of , and which are vectors of neglected diseases such as dengue, filariasis and chikungunya. The AC-AgNPs were mostly spheroidal, polycrystalline (84.13%), stable and polydispersed with size of 11.77 ± 5.57 nm. FTIR revealed the presence of several peaks corresponding to functional chemical groups characteristics of alkanoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, anthraquonones and saponins. The AC-AgNPs had a high antiplasmodial activity, with IC of 8.05 μg/mL and 10.31 μg/mL against 3D7 and RKL9 strains. Likewise, high larvicidal activity of AC-AgNPs was found after 24 h- and 48 h-exposure: LC = 18.41 μg/mL and 8.97 μg/mL (), LC = 16.71 μg/mL and 7.52 μg/mL () and LC = 10.67 μg/mL and 5.85 μg/mL (). The AC-AgNPs were highly hemocompatible (HC > 500 μg/mL). In worrying context of resistance of parasite and mosquitoes, green nanotechnologies using plants could be a cutting-edge alternative for drug/insecticide discovery and development.
近期在非洲出现了对当前基于青蒿素的联合疗法产生耐药性的疟原虫，这表明有必要制定新的策略来成功控制疟疾。我们合成、表征并评估了使用（某种植物名，文中未完整给出）优化的银纳米颗粒（AC-AgNPs）的医学应用，该植物在非洲和亚洲传统医学中广泛使用。使用该植物的新鲜叶子制备水粗提物，将其与硝酸银混合用于AC-AgNPs的合成和优化。使用多种技术对优化后的AC-AgNPs进行表征，包括紫外可见分光光度法（UV-Vis）、扫描/透射电子显微镜（SEM/TEM）、粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）、选区电子衍射（SAED）、能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、动态光散射（DLS）和Zeta电位。此后，评估了AC-AgNPs对疟原虫3D7和RKL9菌株的血液相容性和抗疟活性。最后，评估了AC-AgNPs对埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊幼虫的致死活性，这些蚊虫是登革热、丝虫病和基孔肯雅热等被忽视疾病的传播媒介。AC-AgNPs大多呈球形，多晶（84.13%），稳定且多分散，尺寸为11.77±5.57纳米。FTIR显示存在几个与生物碱、萜类、黄酮类、酚类、甾体、蒽醌和皂苷等功能化学基团特征相对应的峰。AC-AgNPs具有高抗疟活性，对3D7和RKL9菌株的半数抑制浓度（IC）分别为8.05μg/mL和10.31μg/mL。同样，在暴露24小时和48小时后发现AC-AgNPs具有高杀幼虫活性：对埃及伊蚊的半数致死浓度（LC）分别为18.41μg/mL和8.97μg/mL，对致倦库蚊的LC分别为16.71μg/mL和7.52μg/mL，对白纹伊蚊的LC分别为10.67μg/mL和5.85μg/mL。AC-AgNPs具有高度血液相容性（血液相容性>500μg/mL）。在寄生虫和蚊虫耐药性令人担忧的背景下，利用植物的绿色纳米技术可能成为药物/杀虫剂发现和开发的前沿替代方法。
