Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Psychol Med. 2023 Nov;53(15):7161-7169. doi: 10.1017/S0033291723000624. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
Developing, elaborating, and consolidating positive views of the self is a plausible route to increased psychological well-being. We set out to provide an assessment of positive self-beliefs that could be used in research and clinical practice.
A non-probability online survey was conducted with 2500 UK adults, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, income, and region. Exploratory factor analysis of a 94-item pool - generated with guidance from people with lived experience of mental health difficulties - was conducted to develop the Oxford Positive Self Scale (OxPos). The item pool was further reduced using regularised structural equation modelling (SEM) before confirmatory factor analysis. Optimal cut-off scores were developed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Additional validations were carried out with two further general population cohorts ( = 1399; = 1693).
A 24-item scale was developed with an excellent model fit [robust χ = 995.676; df = 246; CFI = 0.956; TLI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.049 (0.047, 0.052); SRMR = 0.031]. The scale comprises four factors: mastery; strength; enjoyment; and character. SEM indicated that the scale explains 68.6% of variance in psychological well-being. The OxPos score was negatively correlated with depression ( = -0.49), anxious avoidance ( = -0.34), paranoia ( = -0.23), hallucinations ( = -0.20), and negative self-beliefs ( = -0.50), and positively correlated with psychological well-being ( = 0.79), self-esteem ( = 0.67), and positive social comparison ( = 0.72). Internal reliability and test-retest reliability were excellent. Cut-offs by age and gender were generated. A short-form was developed, explaining 96% of the full-scale variance.
The new open access scale provides a psychometrically robust assessment of positive cognitions that are strongly connected to psychological well-being.
培养、深化和巩固对自我的积极认知是提升心理健康水平的一种可行途径。我们旨在提出一种可用于研究和临床实践的积极自我信念评估方法。
我们对 2500 名英国成年人进行了非概率在线调查，该调查采用配额抽样，以年龄、性别、种族、收入和地区与人口相匹配。对 94 项由具有心理健康困难生活经历的人指导生成的项目进行探索性因素分析，以开发牛津积极自我量表（OxPos）。使用正则化结构方程模型（SEM）进一步减少项目池，然后进行验证性因素分析。使用接收者操作特征曲线（ROC）开发最佳截断分数。使用另外两个普通人群队列（n=1399；n=1693）进行了额外的验证。
开发了一个 24 项量表，具有极佳的模型拟合度[稳健 χ=995.676；df=246；CFI=0.956；TLI=0.951；RMSEA=0.049（0.047，0.052）；SRMR=0.031]。该量表由四个因子组成：掌握、力量、享受和性格。SEM 表明，该量表可以解释 68.6%的心理健康变化。OxPos 得分与抑郁（r=-0.49）、焦虑回避（r=-0.34）、偏执（r=-0.23）、幻觉（r=-0.20）和消极自我信念（r=-0.50）呈负相关，与心理健康（r=0.79）、自尊（r=0.67）和积极社会比较（r=0.72）呈正相关。内部可靠性和重测信度都非常好。按年龄和性别生成了截断值。开发了一个简短形式，解释了全量表 96%的方差。
新的开放获取量表提供了一种对与心理健康密切相关的积极认知进行心理测量学可靠评估的方法。
