Advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cells in pediatric diseases.

The optimal diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases depend on more adequate understanding of pathophysiology. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided new strategies for the research and therapy of pediatric diseases. iPSCs are pluripotent stem cells induced by reprogramming of mature cells. Now they can be induced from many types of somatic cells (such as fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and urine cells).With the improvement of various reprogramming methods, its generation procedure is more and more optimized, and the use of small molecules to induce iPSCs is one of the research focus now. Due to their ability to differentiate into a variety of cells, combined with the development of gene editing technology, iPSCs have been increasingly favored in the modeling of diseases and cell therapy, especially hereditary diseases, and have achieved some success in clinical treatment. But before they can be widely used in clinical treatment, there are still some problems to be solved, such as tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and heterogeneity. This article reviewed the source of iPSCs, reprogramming technology, applications of iPSCs in common childhood diseases, current problems and prospects, in order to deepen the understanding of iPSCs and provide reference for in-depth research in field of exploring mechanisms of diseases and therapy of diseases.