MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Mar 17;72(11):273-277. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7211a1.
Babesiosis is a tickborne disease caused by intraerythrocytic Babesia parasites. In the United States, most babesiosis cases are caused by Babesia microti, transmitted from bites of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, in northeastern and midwestern states. Transmission can also occur through blood transfusions, transplantation of organs from infected donors, or congenital (mother-to-child) transmission (1). Babesia infection can be asymptomatic or cause mild to severe illness that can be fatal. Overall, U.S. tickborne disease cases have increased 25%, from 40,795 reported in 2011 to 50,856 in 2019 (2). Babesiosis trends were assessed in 10 states* where babesiosis was reportable during 2011-2019. Incidence increased significantly in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont (p<0.001), with the largest increases reported in Vermont (1,602%, from two to 34 cases), Maine (1,422%, from nine to 138), New Hampshire (372%, from 13 to 78), and Connecticut (338%, from 74 to 328). Unlike the other seven states, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, were not included as states with endemic disease in previous CDC babesiosis surveillance summaries. These three states should now be considered to have endemic transmission comparable to that in other high-incidence states; they have consistently identified newly acquired cases every year during 2011-2019 and documented presence of Babesia microti in the associated tick vector (3). Because incidence in Northeastern states, including Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, is increasing, tick prevention messaging, provider education, and awareness of infection risk among travelers to these states should be emphasized.
巴贝虫病是一种由红细胞内巴贝虫寄生虫引起的蜱传疾病。在美国，大多数巴贝虫病病例由东北和中西部州的黑腿蜱、伊蚊传播的微小巴贝虫引起。传播也可通过输血、来自受感染供体的器官移植或先天性（母婴传播）发生（1）。巴贝虫感染可能无症状，也可能导致轻度至重度疾病，甚至可能致命。总体而言，美国的蜱传疾病病例增加了 25%，从 2011 年报告的 40795 例增加到 2019 年的 50856 例（2）。评估了 10 个州的巴贝虫病趋势，这些州在 2011-2019 年期间报告了巴贝虫病（*）。康涅狄格州、缅因州、马萨诸塞州、新罕布什尔州、新泽西州、纽约州、罗得岛州和佛蒙特州的发病率显著上升（p<0.001），佛蒙特州报告的增幅最大（1602%，从两例增加到 34 例），缅因州（1422%，从 9 例增加到 138 例），新罕布什尔州（372%，从 13 例增加到 78 例）和康涅狄格州（338%，从 74 例增加到 328 例）。与其他七个州不同，缅因州、新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州以前的疾病监测摘要中并未被列为地方性疾病州。现在应将这三个州视为具有与其他高发病率州相当的地方性传播；它们在 2011-2019 年期间每年都确定了新获得的病例，并记录了与相关蜱媒介相关的微小巴贝虫（3）的存在。由于东北各州（包括缅因州、新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州）的发病率正在上升，因此应强调预防蜱虫叮咬的信息传递、提供者教育以及这些州旅行者感染风险的意识。
