Caldeira Daniel, Nogueira-Garcia Beatriz
Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa-CCUL, CAML, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria-CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal.
Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023 Feb 14;25(Suppl A):A12-A16. doi: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac122. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is an acute clinical manifestation ischaemic heart disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Infections also have an important burden worldwide, with lower respiratory infections being the worldwide leading cause of death due to communicable diseases. The relationship of MI with viral respiratory infections (including influenza and SARS-CoV-2) as a trigger has been well documented with significant associations. These infections can lead to Type 1 MI, where inflammation and vascular dysfunction, as well as the increased prothrombotic environment lead to atherothrombosis. Type 2 MI may also occur due to an imbalance of oxygen/blood supply and myocardial demand (hypoxaemia, fever, and tachycardia). The data from randomized controlled trials showing a potential benefit of influenza vaccination in coronary artery disease patients should not be ignored. This can be considered a further argument for the association of viral infections (influenza in particular) and MI.
心肌梗死（MI）是缺血性心脏病的一种急性临床表现，是全球主要的死亡原因。感染在全球范围内也造成了重大负担，下呼吸道感染是全球传染病致死的主要原因。MI与作为触发因素的病毒性呼吸道感染（包括流感和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2）之间的关系已有充分记录，存在显著关联。这些感染可导致1型MI，其中炎症、血管功能障碍以及血栓形成倾向增加会导致动脉粥样硬化血栓形成。2型MI也可能由于氧/血液供应与心肌需求失衡（低氧血症、发热和心动过速）而发生。来自随机对照试验的数据显示流感疫苗接种对冠心病患者可能有益，这一点不容忽视。这可被视为支持病毒感染（尤其是流感）与MI之间存在关联的又一论据。
