Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Jun;268:109614. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109614. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
Fish in wild are often faced with various types of xenobiotics, that may display synergistic or antagonistic effects. In this study, we aim to examine how exposure to agrochemical compound (Bacilar) and cadmium (CdCl) alone and in combination affect biochemical parameters (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase; creatine phosphokinase (CKP), cholinesterase) and oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentrations) of freshwater fish Alburnus mossulensis. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of Bacilar (0.3, and 0.6 mL L) and to 1 mg L cadmium chloride alone and in combination for 21 days. Results showed that fish accumulate Cd in their body, with the highest rate in individuals exposed to Cd in combination with Bacilar. Both xenobiotics in fish liver induced the activation of liver enzymes suggesting hepatotoxic effects, with the greatest impact in co-exposed groups. A significant decrease in the hepatocyte's total antioxidant capacity indicates the collapse of the antioxidant defense in fish exposed to Cd and Bacilar. A decrease in the antioxidant biomarkers was followed by increased oxidative damage of lipids and proteins. We also reported altered function in the muscle of individuals exposed to Bacilar and Cd seen as decreased activities in CKP and butyrylcholinesterase. Overall, our results point to the toxicity of both Bacilar and Cd on fish but also to their synergistic effects on Cd bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and liver and muscle damage. This study highlights the need for evaluating the use of agrochemicals and their possible additive effects on non-target organisms.
野生鱼类经常面临各种类型的外源性化学物质，这些物质可能具有协同或拮抗作用。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究单独和联合暴露于农用化学品（Bacilar）和镉（CdCl）如何影响淡水鱼 Alburnus mossulensis 的生化参数（乳酸脱氢酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶；肌酸磷酸激酶（CKP）、胆碱酯酶）和氧化应激（总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、丙二醛和蛋白质羰基浓度）。鱼类暴露于两种浓度的 Bacilar（0.3 和 0.6 mL L）和 1 mg L 氯化镉单独和联合暴露 21 天。结果表明，鱼类会在体内积累 Cd，而与 Bacilar 联合暴露的个体积累速度最快。两种外源性化学物质都会在鱼的肝脏中诱导肝脏酶的激活，表明存在肝毒性，而在共同暴露组中的影响最大。肝细胞总抗氧化能力的显著下降表明，暴露于 Cd 和 Bacilar 的鱼的抗氧化防御系统崩溃。抗氧化生物标志物的减少伴随着脂质和蛋白质氧化损伤的增加。我们还报告了暴露于 Bacilar 和 Cd 的个体肌肉功能的改变，表现为 CKP 和丁酰胆碱酯酶活性的降低。总的来说，我们的结果表明 Bacilar 和 Cd 对鱼类具有毒性，并且它们对 Cd 生物积累、氧化应激以及肝脏和肌肉损伤具有协同作用。这项研究强调了需要评估农用化学品的使用及其对非目标生物可能的附加影响。
