Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Münster 48161, Germany.
Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Apr 4;57(13):5180-5189. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00620. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Environmental risks from plant protection products (PPPs) need to be assessed to ensure safe use. The risk assessments are generally carried out using the common vole as a focal species with conservative theoretical estimates of external exposure. These are then compared to dose-related toxicity endpoints established in toxicity studies, often with laboratory species. The aim of the present study was to determine the actual internal dosimetry of PPPs' active ingredients (AIs) in a population of common voles to provide the basis for informed higher tier risk assessment. As a proof of concept, two fungicidal AIs (fludioxonil and cyprodinil) were investigated using a range of application methodologies. Individuals were treated using oral gavage application (AI dose: 100/200 mg/kg) and fed treated grass (AI sprayed at 2 kg/ha) under laboratory, semi-natural, and natural conditions. Our results show that demographic factors play a significant role in the individual residue profile and that age structure is a key aspect that determines the overall exposure risk of a population. These results are consistent from laboratory to field conditions. Future approaches could establish dose-residue relationships that are reflective of natural food intake rates in wild common vole populations in the risk assessment of PPPs.
需要对植物保护产品（PPPs）的环境风险进行评估，以确保安全使用。风险评估通常使用普通田鼠作为重点物种，并对外部暴露进行保守的理论估计。然后，将这些估计与在毒性研究中建立的与剂量相关的毒性终点进行比较，这些研究通常使用实验室物种进行。本研究的目的是确定普通田鼠种群中 PPPs 有效成分（AIs）的实际体内剂量，为更高级别的风险评估提供依据。作为概念验证，本研究使用了一系列应用方法研究了两种杀菌剂 AI（氟啶酮和吡虫啉）。通过口服灌胃给药（AI 剂量：100/200mg/kg）和喂食喷洒 2kg/ha 的处理草，在实验室、半自然和自然条件下对个体进行了处理。研究结果表明，人口统计学因素在个体残留特征中起着重要作用，年龄结构是决定种群整体暴露风险的关键方面。这些结果在实验室到野外条件下是一致的。未来的方法可以建立剂量-残留关系，反映野生普通田鼠种群中自然食物摄入率在 PPPs 风险评估中的情况。
