Barkley R A, Cunningham C E
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1979 Feb;36(2):201-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780020091010.
Twenty hyperactive boys were observed while interacting with their mothers during a free play and task period on each of three occasions (no drug, drug, placebo). A triple-blind, drug-placebo crossover design was used to study the effects of methylphenidate on these interactions. A complex objective coding system was used to score the children's responses to various maternal behaviors as well as the mother's responses to a variety of children's behaviors. Results indicated that these children were more compliant with maternal commands during drug treatment. In response, mothers displayed increased attention to compliance while reducing their directiveness toward the boys. However, the hyperactive boys receiving methylphenidate initiated fewer social interactions and tended to show greater nonresponding. Thus, methylphenidate may improve the compliance of hyperactive children but tends to decrease their sociability.
在三个不同场合（无药物、药物、安慰剂）的自由玩耍和任务期间，观察了20名多动男孩与他们母亲的互动情况。采用三盲、药物 - 安慰剂交叉设计来研究哌甲酯对这些互动的影响。使用了一个复杂的客观编码系统来对儿童对各种母亲行为的反应以及母亲对各种儿童行为的反应进行评分。结果表明，这些儿童在药物治疗期间对母亲指令的顺从性更高。作为回应，母亲们对顺从行为的关注增加，同时减少了对男孩们的指令性。然而，接受哌甲酯治疗的多动男孩发起的社交互动较少，且往往表现出更多的无反应情况。因此，哌甲酯可能会提高多动儿童的顺从性，但往往会降低他们的社交能力。
