Barkley R A, Karlsson J, Pollard S, Murphy J V
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1985 Sep;26(5):705-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00585.x.
The mother-child interactions of 60 hyperactive children subdivided equally into five age levels (years 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were studied during free play and task periods in a double-blind drug-placebo evaluation of two dose levels of Ritalin (0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg bid.) on these interactions. No effects for age or drug condition were found during free play. In contrast, age effects were significant in the task period with the children increasing their compliance and sustained attention with age. In response, mothers decreased their direction and control while increasing their passive observation of the children. Several drug effects were found during the task period, indicating that only the high dose of Ritalin produced improvements in child compliance. However, both doses resulted in decreases in mothers' controlling reactions to the child's compliance and off-task behavior as well as in ratings of home behavior problems. Drug effects were essentially the same across all five age levels. The interaction patterns of hyperactive children are similar to those found in younger normal children in previous research, apparently reflecting a chronic lag in this pattern in hyperactive children that may be improved with stimulant medication.
在一项对60名患有多动症儿童的母婴互动研究中，这些儿童被平均分为五个年龄组（5岁、6岁、7岁、8岁和9岁），研究在自由玩耍和任务期进行，这是一项关于两种剂量利他林（0.3和0.7毫克/千克，每日两次）对这些互动影响的双盲药物 - 安慰剂评估。在自由玩耍期间未发现年龄或药物状况的影响。相比之下，在任务期年龄效应显著，儿童随着年龄增长其依从性和持续注意力增强。相应地，母亲们减少了她们的指导和控制，同时增加了对孩子的被动观察。在任务期发现了几种药物效应，表明只有高剂量的利他林能改善儿童的依从性。然而，两种剂量都导致母亲对孩子依从性和任务外行为的控制反应减少，以及家庭行为问题评分降低。药物效应在所有五个年龄组中基本相同。多动症儿童的互动模式与先前研究中较年幼正常儿童的模式相似，显然反映出多动症儿童在这种模式上存在长期滞后，而兴奋剂药物治疗可能会改善这种情况。
