Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India.
Integrated Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India.
Environ Res. 2023 Jun 15;227:115724. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115724. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Neurotoxic pesticides are a group of chemicals that pose a severe threat to both human health and the environment. These molecules are also known to accumulate in the food chain and persist in the environment, which can lead to long-term exposure and adverse effects on non-target organisms. The detrimental effects of these pesticides on neurotransmitter levels and function can lead to a range of neurological and behavioral symptoms, which are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the accurate and reliable detection of these neurotoxic pesticides and associated neurotransmitters is essential for clinical applications, such as diagnosis and treatment. Over the past few decades, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) biosensors have emerged as a sensitive and reliable tool for the electrochemical detection of neurotoxic pesticides and acetylcholine. These biosensors can be tailored to utilize the high specificity and sensitivity of AchE, enabling the detection of these chemicals. Additionally, enzyme immobilization and the incorporation of nanoparticles have further improved the detection capabilities of these biosensors. AchE biosensors have shown tremendous potential in various fields, including environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and pesticide residue analysis. This review summarizes the advancements in AchE biosensors for electrochemical detection of neurotoxic pesticides and acetylcholine over the past two decades.
神经毒农药是一类对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁的化学物质。这些分子也已知会在食物链中积累并在环境中持续存在，从而导致长期暴露和对非目标生物的不利影响。这些农药对神经递质水平和功能的有害影响可能导致一系列神经和行为症状，这些症状与神经退行性疾病密切相关。因此，准确可靠地检测这些神经毒农药和相关神经递质对于临床应用（如诊断和治疗）至关重要。在过去的几十年中，乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）生物传感器已成为电化学检测神经毒农药和乙酰胆碱的敏感可靠工具。这些生物传感器可以根据需要利用 AchE 的高特异性和灵敏度进行定制，从而实现对这些化学物质的检测。此外，酶固定化和纳米粒子的掺入进一步提高了这些生物传感器的检测能力。AchE 生物传感器在环境监测、临床诊断和农药残留分析等各个领域都显示出了巨大的潜力。本综述总结了过去二十年来用于电化学检测神经毒农药和乙酰胆碱的 AchE 生物传感器的进展。
