Choi Hye Kyu, Choi Jin-Ha, Yoon Jinho
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Sep 19;13(9):892. doi: 10.3390/bios13090892.
Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds released by nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, that play an essential role in the transmission of signals in living organisms, particularly in the central nervous system, and they also perform roles in realizing the function and maintaining the state of each organ in the body. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters can cause neurological disorders. This highlights the significance of precise neurotransmitter monitoring to allow early diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a complete multidisciplinary examination of electrochemical biosensors integrating nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in order to achieve the accurate detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters. We introduce extensively researched neurotransmitters and their respective functions in biological beings. Subsequently, electrochemical biosensors are classified based on methodologies employed for direct detection, encompassing the recently documented cell-based electrochemical monitoring systems. These methods involve the detection of neurotransmitters in neuronal cells in vitro, the identification of neurotransmitters emitted by stem cells, and the in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters. The incorporation of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies into electrochemical biosensors has the potential to assist in the timely detection and management of neurological disorders. This study provides significant insights for researchers and clinicians regarding precise neurotransmitter monitoring and its implications regarding numerous biological applications.
神经递质是由神经细胞释放的化合物，包括神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞，它们在生物体信号传递中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在中枢神经系统中，并且它们还在实现身体各器官的功能和维持其状态方面发挥作用。神经递质失调会导致神经紊乱。这凸显了精确监测神经递质以实现早期诊断和治疗的重要性。本综述对整合纳米材料和纳米技术的电化学生物传感器进行了全面的多学科研究，以实现对神经递质的准确检测和监测。我们广泛介绍了经过深入研究的神经递质及其在生物体内各自的功能。随后，根据用于直接检测的方法对电化学生物传感器进行分类，包括最近记录的基于细胞的电化学监测系统。这些方法涉及体外检测神经元细胞中的神经递质、识别干细胞释放的神经递质以及体内监测神经递质。将纳米材料和纳米技术整合到电化学生物传感器中，有可能帮助及时检测和处理神经紊乱。这项研究为研究人员和临床医生提供了关于精确监测神经递质及其在众多生物学应用中的意义的重要见解。
