Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2023 Jun;52(2):277-293. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.11.002. Epub 2023 Feb 19.
Deficits in renal function, thirst, and responses to osmotic and volume stimulation have been repeatedly demonstrated in older populations. The lessons learned over the past six decades serve to emphasize the fragile nature of water balance characteristic of aging. Older individuals are at increased risk for disturbances of water homeostasis due to both intrinsic disease and iatrogenic causes. These disturbances have real-life clinical implications in terms of neurocognitive effects, falls, hospital readmission and need for long-term care, incidence of bone fracture, osteoporosis, and mortality.
肾功能障碍、口渴以及对渗透压和容量刺激的反应在老年人群中已被反复证实。过去六十年的经验教训强调了衰老时水平衡的脆弱性。由于内在疾病和医源性原因，老年人因水稳态紊乱而处于更高的风险之中。这些紊乱在神经认知效应、跌倒、再次住院和需要长期护理、骨折、骨质疏松症和死亡率方面具有现实的临床意义。
