University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.
Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Jun 1;37(6):1163-1190. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004476. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
Comfort, P, Haff, GG, Suchomel, TJ, Soriano, MA, Pierce, KC, Hornsby, WG, Haff, EE, Sommerfield, LM, Chavda, S, Morris, SJ, Fry, AC, and Stone, MH. National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement on weightlifting for sports performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1163-1190, 2023-The origins of weightlifting and feats of strength span back to ancient Egypt, China, and Greece, with the introduction of weightlifting into the Olympic Games in 1896. However, it was not until the 1950s that training based on weightlifting was adopted by strength coaches working with team sports and athletics, with weightlifting research in peer-reviewed journals becoming prominent since the 1970s. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on the use of weightlifting-based training to enhance performance in nonweightlifters because of the biomechanical similarities (e.g., rapid forceful extension of the hips, knees, and ankles) associated with the second pull phase of the clean and snatch, the drive/thrust phase of the jerk and athletic tasks such as jumping and sprinting. The highest force, rate of force development, and power outputs have been reported during such movements, highlighting the potential for such tasks to enhance these key physical qualities in athletes. In addition, the ability to manipulate barbell load across the extensive range of weightlifting exercises and their derivatives permits the strength and conditioning coach the opportunity to emphasize the development of strength-speed and speed-strength, as required for the individual athlete. As such, the results of numerous longitudinal studies and subsequent meta-analyses demonstrate the inclusion of weightlifting exercises into strength and conditioning programs results in greater improvements in force-production characteristics and performance in athletic tasks than general resistance training or plyometric training alone. However, it is essential that such exercises are appropriately programmed adopting a sequential approach across training blocks (including exercise variation, loads, and volumes) to ensure the desired adaptations, whereas strength and conditioning coaches emphasize appropriate technique and skill development of athletes performing such exercises.
舒适性，P，Haff，GG，Suchomel，TJ，Soriano，MA，Pierce，KC，Hornsby，WG，Haff，EE，Sommerfield，LM，Chavda，S，Morris，SJ，Fry，AC 和 Stone，MH。国家力量与调节协会关于举重运动表现的立场声明。J 力量与调节研究 37(6)：1163-1190，2023-举重和力量壮举的起源可以追溯到古埃及、中国和希腊，1896 年奥运会引入举重运动。然而，直到 20 世纪 50 年代，与团队运动和田径运动合作的力量教练才开始采用基于举重的训练，20 世纪 70 年代以来，在同行评审期刊上发表的举重研究变得更加突出。在过去的几十年里，由于与清洁和抓举的第二拉阶段、挺举的驱动/推力阶段以及跳跃和冲刺等田径任务相关的生物力学相似性，研究人员专注于使用基于举重的训练来提高非举重运动员的表现。这些运动中报告了最高的力、力发展率和功率输出，突出了这些任务在运动员中增强这些关键身体素质的潜力。此外，能够在广泛的举重练习及其衍生物范围内操纵杠铃负荷，使力量和调节教练有机会根据个体运动员的需要强调力量速度和速度力量的发展。因此，许多纵向研究和随后的荟萃分析的结果表明，将举重练习纳入力量和调节计划可使力量生产特征和田径任务表现的提高大于单独进行一般阻力训练或弹震训练。然而，至关重要的是，此类练习应通过跨训练块的顺序方法（包括练习变化、负荷和容量）进行适当编程，以确保所需的适应，而力量和调节教练则强调运动员执行此类练习的适当技术和技能发展。
