National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023 Aug;77(8):833-840. doi: 10.1038/s41430-023-01284-w. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Food hypersensitivity (FHS) is common, but little is known about the factors associated with severe reactions, age of onset and whether sensitization persists. This study examines the factors associated with self-reported severe food reactions, onset age and the changes in prevalence of sensitization to foods over time in an adult sample.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used data from adults taking part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) III (2010-2014) who provided information on food hypersensitivity, including symptoms, suspected culprit food and onset age (n = 4865). A subsample from six countries had serum food-specific IgE tested for 25 core foods and also in 10 years earlier (ECRHS II). We applied logistic regression and McNemar's test for analyses.
The prevalence of self-reported FHS was 13.5% at ECRHS III. Of those providing information on symptoms (n = 611), 26.4% reported severe reactions. About 80% of 1033 reported food-specific reactions (reported by 596 participants) began after age 15. History of asthma (odds ratio OR 2.12 95% confidence interval CI 1.13-3.44) and a younger age of onset of FHS (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, per year) were associated with higher risks of a lifetime experience of severe food reactions. In the subsample with IgE tested in both surveys (n = 1612), the overall prevalence of sensitization to foods did not change over 10 years.
Our findings support previous observations of more severe food reactions in people with asthma and that most FHS reported by this sample started after age 15. We found no evidence of changes in the prevalence of sensitization to food in adults followed for 10 years.
背景/目的：食物过敏（FHS）很常见，但对于与严重反应、发病年龄以及致敏是否持续相关的因素知之甚少。本研究旨在研究与自我报告的严重食物反应、发病年龄以及随时间推移食物致敏患病率变化相关的因素，该研究对象为成年人群。
受试者/方法：我们使用了参与欧洲社区呼吸健康调查（ECRHS）III 期（2010-2014 年）的成年人的数据，这些成年人提供了有关食物过敏的信息，包括症状、疑似罪魁祸首食物和发病年龄（n=4865）。六个国家的一个子样本进行了 25 种核心食物的血清食物特异性 IgE 检测，并在 10 年前（ECRHS II 期）进行了检测。我们应用了逻辑回归和 McNemar 检验进行分析。
ECRHS III 期报告的 FHS 患病率为 13.5%。在提供症状信息的人群中（n=611），有 26.4%报告了严重反应。约 80%的 1033 例报告的食物特异性反应（由 596 名参与者报告）在 15 岁后开始。哮喘病史（比值比 OR 2.12，95%置信区间 CI 1.13-3.44）和 FHS 发病年龄较小（OR 1.02，95%CI 1.01-1.03，每年）与终生严重食物反应的风险增加相关。在两个调查均进行 IgE 检测的子样本中（n=1612），10 年内食物致敏的总体患病率没有变化。
我们的研究结果支持先前的观察结果，即哮喘患者的食物过敏反应更为严重，且该样本中大多数 FHS 发生在 15 岁以后。我们没有发现随访 10 年的成年人食物致敏患病率发生变化的证据。
