Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
Small. 2024 Sep;20(39):e2301113. doi: 10.1002/smll.202301113. Epub 2023 Mar 26.
The design of novel drug delivery systems is exceptionally critical in disease treatments. Among the existing drug delivery systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown profuse promise owing to their structural stability, tunable morphologies/sizes, and ability to load different payload chemistry. Significantly, the presence of surface silanol groups enables functionalization with relevant drugs, imaging, and targeting agents, promoting their utility and popularity among researchers. Stimuli-responsive silanol conjugates have been developed as a novel, more effective way to conjugate, deliver, and release therapeutic drugs on demand and precisely to the selected location. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize the current understanding and the surface silanols' role in making MSN a versatile drug delivery platform. This review provides an analytical understanding of the surface silanols, chemistry, identification methods, and their property-performance correlation. The chemistry involved in converting surface silanols to a stimuli-responsive silica delivery system by endogenous/exogenous stimuli, including pH, redox potential, temperature, and hypoxia, is discussed in depth. Different chemistries for converting surface silanols to stimuli-responsive bonds are discussed in the context of drug delivery. The critical discussion is culminated by outlining the challenges in identifying silanols' role and overcoming the limitations in synthesizing stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica-based drug delivery systems.
新型药物输送系统的设计在疾病治疗中至关重要。在现有的药物输送系统中，介孔硅纳米粒子（MSNs）因其结构稳定性、可调节的形态/尺寸以及能够负载不同的有效载荷化学物质而显示出巨大的应用前景。重要的是，表面硅醇基团的存在使其能够与相关药物、成像剂和靶向剂进行功能化，从而提高了它们在研究人员中的实用性和普及性。刺激响应性硅醇缀合物的开发是一种新的、更有效的方法，可以按需、精确地将治疗药物递送到选定的位置进行释放。因此，迫切需要总结目前对表面硅醇的理解以及它们在将 MSN 作为多功能药物输送平台中的作用。本文综述了表面硅醇的分析理解、化学性质、鉴定方法及其性能相关性。深入讨论了通过内源性/外源性刺激（包括 pH 值、氧化还原电位、温度和缺氧）将表面硅醇转化为刺激响应性硅 delivery 系统的化学性质。本文还讨论了不同的化学方法，用于将表面硅醇转化为刺激响应性键，以用于药物输送。最后通过概述鉴定硅醇作用的挑战和克服合成刺激响应性介孔硅基药物输送系统的局限性，对其进行了批判性讨论。
