Liao Yan, Li Biao, Chen Hongxin, Ma Yueqin, Wang Fengxia, Huang Lizhen, Shen Baode, Song Hao, Yue Pengfei
Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
Department of Pharmaceutics, 908th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Nanchang 330000, China.
J Control Release. 2025 Feb 10;378:60-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.11.063. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
The demand for new antibacterial therapies is urgent and crucial in the clinical setting because of the growing degree of antibiotic resistance and the limits of conventional antibacterial therapies. Stimuli- responsive nanoplatforms, are sensitive to endogenous or exogenous stimulus (pH, temperature, light, and magnetic fields, etc.) which activate cargo release locally and on-demand, hold great potential in developing next generation personalized precision medicine. For instance, pH-sensitive nanoplatforms can selectively release antibacterial agents in the acidic environment of infection sites. To achieve the stimuli-responsive delivery, mesoporous silica nanoplatforms (MSNs) have demonstrated as prospective candidates for efficient cargo loading and controlled release through strategies such as tunable pore engineering, versatile surface modification/coating, and tailored framework composition. Furthermore, aiming for more precise delivery of MSNs, current research interests are increasingly shifting from single-stimuli antibacterial strategy to integrated strategy that combine multiple-stimulus. In this review, we briefly discuss the microenvironment of bacterial infections and provide a comprehensive summary of current stimuli-responsive strategies, and associated materials design principles of stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica-based smart nanoplatforms (SRMSNs). Additionally, integrative antibacterial strategies with synergistic effects, combining chemodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal, sonodynamic and gas therapies, have also been elaborated. Present research advances and limitations of SRMSNs-based antibacterial therapies, such as limited biodegradability and potential cytotoxicity, have been overviewed with future outlooks presented. This review aims to inspire and guide future research in developing novel antibacterial strategies with integrative solutions.
由于抗生素耐药性程度不断增加以及传统抗菌疗法存在局限性，临床上对新型抗菌疗法的需求迫切且至关重要。刺激响应性纳米平台对内源性或外源性刺激（如pH值、温度、光和磁场等）敏感，可在局部按需激活药物释放，在开发下一代个性化精准医学方面具有巨大潜力。例如，pH敏感的纳米平台可在感染部位的酸性环境中选择性释放抗菌剂。为实现刺激响应性递送，介孔二氧化硅纳米平台（MSNs）已被证明是通过可调孔工程、多功能表面修饰/涂层和定制框架组成等策略进行高效药物负载和控释的潜在候选者。此外，为了更精确地递送MSNs，目前的研究兴趣正越来越多地从单一刺激抗菌策略转向多种刺激相结合的综合策略。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了细菌感染的微环境，全面总结了当前的刺激响应策略以及基于刺激响应性介孔二氧化硅的智能纳米平台（SRMSNs）的相关材料设计原则。此外，还阐述了结合化学动力学、光动力学、光热、声动力学和气体疗法等具有协同效应的综合抗菌策略。本文综述了基于SRMSNs的抗菌疗法目前的研究进展和局限性，如有限的生物可降解性和潜在的细胞毒性，并展望了未来的发展前景。这篇综述旨在启发和指导未来开发具有综合解决方案的新型抗菌策略的研究。
