Knapp Thomas M, Hernandez Caridad, Simpson Jeffrey, Hernandez Kailee, Esguerra Catalina, Mach Bieu T, Taliaferro Lindsay A
Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
Cureus. 2023 Feb 21;15(2):e35255. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35255. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Subgroups of the general population including Hispanic/Latinx individuals report higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than non-Hispanic White individuals. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among unvaccinated Hispanic adults utilizing a free community clinic in Orlando, Florida, USA.
From May 2021 to July 2021, we used convenience sampling to recruit 20 self-identified Hispanic adults who were unvaccinated to complete an individual, semi-structured interview. Interview questions were derived from constructs from the Health Belief Model. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated (when necessary), and qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis to identify recurring themes.
Of the 20 participants in this study, 65% were female (n=13) and they ranged from 21 to 73 years of age (median age =42.5). We identified three primary themes in participant responses regarding their beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. Primary theme 1: trust and clarity of COVID-19 vaccine information, with subthemes (1a) source trustworthiness, and (1b) clarity of COVID-19 vaccine information. Primary theme 2: personal contextual factors, with subthemes (2a) underlying health conditions, (2b) personal experiences with COVID-19, and (2c) immigration. Primary theme 3: lack of confidence, yet willingness to be vaccinated, with subthemes (3a) fear and distrust and (3b) willingness to be vaccinated. In summary, participants felt hesitant, although not completely opposed, to receiving COVID-19 vaccinations due to the information they gathered on vaccines from various sources received in the context of important personal factors (e.g., immigration, underlying health concerns, etc.).
Overcoming vaccine hesitancy in vulnerable populations such as the Hispanic communities may require addressing issues of message clarity through trusted sources while considering personal contextual factors. Healthcare professionals can begin by initiating discussions with patients to understand individual circumstances and concerns and provide information on COVID-19 vaccines that clarify areas of confusion.
包括西班牙裔/拉丁裔个体在内的普通人群亚组报告的新冠疫苗犹豫率高于非西班牙裔白人个体。本研究的目的是确定在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市一家免费社区诊所中，影响未接种疫苗的西班牙裔成年人对新冠疫苗态度的因素。
2021年5月至2021年7月，我们采用便利抽样法招募了20名自我认定为未接种疫苗的西班牙裔成年人，以完成个体半结构化访谈。访谈问题源自健康信念模型的构建要素。访谈进行了录音、转录、翻译（必要时），并采用归纳性内容分析法进行定性分析，以确定反复出现的主题。
本研究的20名参与者中，65%为女性（n = 13），年龄在21岁至73岁之间（中位年龄 = 42.5岁）。我们在参与者对新冠疫苗信念的回答中确定了三个主要主题。主要主题1：新冠疫苗信息的信任与清晰度，其亚主题为（1a）信息来源的可信度，以及（1b）新冠疫苗信息的清晰度。主要主题2：个人背景因素，其亚主题为（2a）潜在健康状况，（2b）感染新冠的个人经历，以及（2c）移民情况。主要主题3：缺乏信心，但愿意接种疫苗，其亚主题为（3a）恐惧与不信任，以及（3b）愿意接种疫苗。总之，由于参与者在重要个人因素（如移民、潜在健康问题等）背景下从各种来源获取的疫苗信息，他们对接种新冠疫苗感到犹豫，尽管并非完全反对。
克服西班牙裔社区等弱势群体中的疫苗犹豫现象，可能需要通过可靠来源解决信息清晰度问题，同时考虑个人背景因素。医疗保健专业人员可以首先与患者展开讨论，以了解个体情况和担忧，并提供有关新冠疫苗的信息，澄清疑惑之处。
