Khubchandani Jagdish, Macias Yilda
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021 Aug;15:100277. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100277. Epub 2021 May 21.
COVID-19 vaccines were approved for use in the general American public by late 2020 and early 2021. Media reports started highlighting COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in racial and ethnic minorities. However, little is known about the extent of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in racial and ethnic minorities and whether there are unique sociodemographic and cognitive correlates associated with vaccine hesitancy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review all nationwide studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African-Americans and Hispanics (the largest minority groups in the U.S.). A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted to search for national studies and a final pool of 13 studies (n = 107,841 participants) was included in this review. The overall pooled prevalence rate of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy for adult Americans across all studies was 26.3% (95%Ci = 17.3-36.4). In contrast, the overall pooled prevalence rate of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy for African-Americans was 41.6% (95%Ci = 34.4-48.9) and for Hispanics, it was 30.2% (95%Ci = 23.2-37.7). The major predictors of vaccine hesitancy in African-Americans and Hispanics were: sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, income, education, and household size); medical mistrust and history of racial discrimination; exposure to myths and misinformation, perceived risk of getting infected with COVID-19; beliefs about vaccines and past vaccine compliance, and concerns about the safety, efficacy, and side effects from the COVID-19 vaccines. Given the high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates in racial/ethnic minorities and the unique factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in African-Americans and Hispanics, several clinic-based and community-oriented practice recommendations have been included in this article.
2020年末至2021年初，新冠病毒疫苗被批准在美国普通民众中使用。媒体报道开始凸显少数族裔对新冠病毒疫苗接种的犹豫态度。然而，对于少数族裔中新冠病毒疫苗接种犹豫的程度，以及是否存在与疫苗犹豫相关的独特社会人口学和认知相关因素，人们知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是回顾所有关于非裔美国人和西班牙裔（美国最大的少数族裔群体）对新冠病毒疫苗接种犹豫情况的全国性研究。我们对已发表的文献进行了全面回顾，以查找全国性研究，最终纳入了13项研究（n = 107,841名参与者）进行本次综述。所有研究中，美国成年人对新冠病毒疫苗接种犹豫的总体合并患病率为26.3%（95%置信区间 = 17.3 - 36.4）。相比之下，非裔美国人对新冠病毒疫苗接种犹豫的总体合并患病率为41.6%（95%置信区间 = 34.4 - 48.9），西班牙裔为30.2%（95%置信区间 = 23.2 - 37.7）。非裔美国人和西班牙裔中疫苗犹豫的主要预测因素包括：社会人口学特征（如年龄、性别、收入、教育程度和家庭规模）；对医疗的不信任和种族歧视历史；接触谣言和错误信息、感染新冠病毒的感知风险；对疫苗的信念和过去的疫苗接种依从性，以及对新冠病毒疫苗安全性、有效性和副作用的担忧。鉴于少数族裔中新冠病毒疫苗犹豫率较高，以及非裔美国人和西班牙裔中与疫苗犹豫相关的独特因素，本文纳入了一些基于诊所和面向社区的实践建议。
