Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
Chem Rev. 2023 Apr 26;123(8):4855-4933. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00733. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts have broad applications in industrial processes, but achieving a fundamental understanding on the nature of the active sites in bimetallic catalysts at the atomic and molecular level is very challenging due to the structural complexity of the bimetallic catalysts. Comparing the structural features and the catalytic performances of different bimetallic entities will favor the formation of a unified understanding of the structure-reactivity relationships in heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts and thereby facilitate the upgrading of the current bimetallic catalysts. In this review, we will discuss the geometric and electronic structures of three representative types of bimetallic catalysts (bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) and then summarize the synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques for different bimetallic entities, with emphasis on the recent progress made in the past decade. The catalytic applications of supported bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles for a series of important reactions are discussed. Finally, we will discuss the future research directions of catalysis based on supported bimetallic catalysts and, more generally, the prospective developments of heterogeneous catalysis in both fundamental research and practical applications.
双金属催化剂在工业过程中有广泛的应用，但由于双金属催化剂的结构复杂性，在原子和分子水平上对双金属催化剂中活性位的本质获得基本认识是极具挑战性的。比较不同双金属实体的结构特征和催化性能将有利于形成对多相双金属催化剂中结构-反应性关系的统一认识，并从而促进当前双金属催化剂的升级。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论三种代表性类型的双金属催化剂（双金属双核位、双金属纳米团簇和纳米颗粒）的几何和电子结构，然后总结不同双金属实体的合成方法和表征技术，重点介绍过去十年的最新进展。讨论了负载型双金属双核位、双金属纳米团簇和纳米颗粒在一系列重要反应中的催化应用。最后，我们将讨论基于负载型双金属催化剂的催化未来研究方向，更一般地说，讨论基础研究和实际应用中多相催化的未来发展。
