Green biosynthesis of bimetallic silver titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Pluchea indica with their anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities.

Natural plant extracts provide a cost-effective and eco-friendly option for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles, as opposed to traditional chemical or physical methods. This research involved the bio-fabrication of silver-titanium dioxide bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-TiO BNPs) utilizing the leaf extract of Pluchea indica. The Ag-TiO BNPs underwent characterization through UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, XRD, and DLS techniques. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results revealed an absorbance peak at 350 nm, which confirms the successful synthesis of Ag-TiO BNPs. TEM observations revealed that the average diameter of the Ag-TiO BNPs varied between 10 and 60 nm. The assessment of the anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant bioactivities of the biosynthesized Ag-TiO BNPs was conducted. Results revealed that the IC50 of Ag-TiO BNP against Wi-38 normal cell line was 169.6 µg/mL. Moreover, Ag-TiO BNPs exhibited anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancerous cell line with an IC50 of 33.5 µg/mL. Furthermore, the produced Ag-TiO BNPs exhibited antibacterial properties against a range of pathogenic bacterial strains, with MIC varying from 31.25 to 62.5 µg/mL. Additionally, Ag-TiO BNPs showed antioxidant activity with IC50 225 µg/mL. In conclusion, Ag-TiO BNPs was successfully biosynthesized using P. indica leaves, where it had anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.