Santos Cíntia P G, Prado João P S, Fernandes Kelly R, Kido Hueliton W, Dorileo Bianca P, Parisi Julia R, Silva Jonas A, Cruz Matheus A, Custódio Márcio R, Rennó Ana C M, Granito Renata N
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil.
Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Feb 24;14(3):122. doi: 10.3390/jfb14030122.
A highly porous structure, and an inorganic (biosilica) and collagen-like organic content (spongin) makes marine sponges potential candidates to be used as natural scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to characterize (through SEM, FTIR, EDS, XRD, pH, mass degradation and porosity tests) scaffolds produced from two species of marine sponges, (DR) and (AV), and to evaluate the osteogenic potential of these scaffolds by using a bone defect model in rats. First, it was shown that the same chemical composition and porosity (84 ± 5% for DR and 90 ± 2% for AV) occurs among scaffolds from the two species. Higher material degradation was observed in the scaffolds of the DR group, with a greater loss of organic matter after incubation. Later, scaffolds from both species were surgically introduced in rat tibial defects, and histopathological analysis after 15 days showed the presence of neo-formed bone and osteoid tissue within the bone defect in DR, always around the silica spicules. In turn, AV exhibited a fibrous capsule around the lesion (19.9 ± 17.1%), no formation of bone tissue and only a small amount of osteoid tissue. The results showed that scaffolds manufactured from presented a more suitable structure for stimulation of osteoid tissue formation when compared to marine sponge species.
高度多孔的结构以及无机（生物二氧化硅）和类胶原蛋白的有机成分（海绵硬蛋白）使海洋海绵成为骨组织工程中用作天然支架的潜在候选材料。本研究的目的是（通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、能谱分析、X射线衍射、pH值、质量降解和孔隙率测试）对两种海洋海绵（DR和AV）制成的支架进行表征，并通过大鼠骨缺损模型评估这些支架的成骨潜力。首先，结果表明，这两种海绵制成的支架具有相同的化学成分和孔隙率（DR为84±5%，AV为90±2%）。在DR组的支架中观察到更高的材料降解，孵育后有机物损失更大。随后，将两种海绵制成的支架手术植入大鼠胫骨缺损处，15天后的组织病理学分析显示，DR组骨缺损内存在新形成的骨和类骨质组织，且总是围绕着硅质骨针。相比之下，AV在损伤周围表现出纤维囊（19.9±17.1%），没有形成骨组织，只有少量类骨质组织。结果表明，与另一种海洋海绵相比，由DR制成的支架呈现出更适合刺激类骨质组织形成的结构。
