Department of Infectious Diseases, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Department of Infectious Diseases, "St. Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 23;59(3):440. doi: 10.3390/medicina59030440.
: Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic are unquestionably the most serious public crisis of our time. Identifying, preventing, and treating HIV-associated comorbidities remains a challenge that must be addressed even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. : In this study, we aimed to characterize the aspects of newly diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS, during 2021-2022 in Northeastern Romania. We reviewed the frequency and associated comorbidities of these patients in correspondence with national and global results. : Our study found that of all newly diagnosed HIV cases (167 cases-74 cases in 2021 and 98 cases in 2022), 49.70% were diagnosed with HIV infection and 50.30% had AIDS. Based on sex correlated with the CD4+ T-lymphocyte level, the most affected were males, with a lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte level overall. The average HIV viral load was 944,689.55 copies/mL. Half of males had an abnormal ALT or AST (39.53% and 49.61%); as for the females, less than a quarter had an increased value of ALT or AST, respectively (18% and 26%). The most frequent co-infections were as follows: oral candidiasis (34.73% of patients), hepatitis B (17.37% of patients), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (8.38%), followed by hepatitis C (6.39%), tuberculosis (TB), syphilis, toxoplasmosis, , infections. Males were more affected than females, with a higher percentage of co-infections. The prescribed antiretroviral treatment focused on a single-pill regimen (79.04%) to ensure adherence, effectiveness, and safety. Therefore, 20.96% had been prescribed a regimen according to their comorbidities. : Our study found a concerning rise in the incidence of HIV in 2022 compared to that in 2021 in Northeastern Romania, because of the rise in post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic addressability. Advanced immunodeficiency and the burden of opportunistic infections characterize newly diagnosed HIV patients. The physicians should keep in mind that these patients may have more than one clinical condition at presentation.
: 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染和获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）大流行无疑是我们这个时代最严重的公共危机。即使在抗逆转录病毒治疗时代，识别、预防和治疗与 HIV 相关的合并症仍然是一个必须解决的挑战。: 在这项研究中，我们旨在描述 2021-2022 年罗马尼亚东北部新诊断出的 HIV/AIDS 患者的特征。我们回顾了这些患者的频率和相关合并症，并与国家和全球结果相对照。: 我们的研究发现，在所有新诊断出的 HIV 病例中（167 例-2021 年 74 例，2022 年 98 例），49.70%诊断为 HIV 感染，50.30%诊断为艾滋病。根据与 CD4+T 淋巴细胞水平相关的性别，受影响最大的是男性，总体 CD4+T 淋巴细胞水平较低。平均 HIV 病毒载量为 944689.55 拷贝/ml。一半的男性丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）或天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）异常（39.53%和 49.61%）；而对于女性，分别只有不到四分之一的 ALT 或 AST 升高（18%和 26%）。最常见的合并感染如下：口腔念珠菌病（34.73%的患者）、乙型肝炎（17.37%的患者）和 SARS-CoV-2 感染（8.38%），其次是丙型肝炎（6.39%）、结核病（TB）、梅毒、弓形体病、 感染。男性比女性受影响更大，合并感染的比例更高。所开的抗逆转录病毒治疗方案侧重于单一片剂方案（79.04%），以确保依从性、有效性和安全性。因此，20.96%的患者根据合并症开出了治疗方案。: 我们的研究发现，2022 年罗马尼亚东北部新诊断出的 HIV 发病率较 2021 年有所上升，这是由于 SARS-CoV-2 大流行后解决能力的提高所致。新诊断出的 HIV 患者免疫功能严重受损，机会性感染负担沉重。医生应牢记，这些患者在就诊时可能有多种临床病症。
