Ahmed Atallah F, Dai Chang-Feng, Kuo Yao-Haur, Sheu Jyh-Horng
Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Metabolites. 2023 Mar 7;13(3):392. doi: 10.3390/metabo13030392.
The -genus anemones were examined for their proteinaceous poisons over 50 years ago. On the other hand, the current research focuses on isolating and describing the non-proteinaceous secondary metabolites from the invasive anemones, which help take advantage of their population outbreak as a new source of chemical candidates and potential drug leads. From an organic extract of sp., a 1,2,4-thiadiazole-based alkaloid, identified as 3,5-bis(3-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (), was found to be a new natural alkaloid despite being previously synthesized. The full assignment of NMR data of compound , based on the analysis of 2D NMR correlations, is reported herein for the first time. The proposed biosynthetic precursor thionicotinamide () was also isolated for the first time from nature along with nicotinamide (), uridine (), hypoxanthine (), and four 5,8-epidioxysteroids (-). A major secondary metabolite (-)-betonicine () was isolated from sp. and found for the first time in marine invertebrates. The four 5,8-epidioxysteroids, among other metabolites, exhibited cytotoxicity (IC 3.5-9.0 μg/mL) toward five cancer cell lines.
50多年前就对海葵属的蛋白质毒素进行了研究。另一方面，目前的研究重点是从入侵海葵中分离和描述非蛋白质次生代谢产物，这有助于利用其种群爆发作为化学候选物和潜在药物先导的新来源。从海葵属的有机提取物中，发现一种基于1,2,4-噻二唑的生物碱，鉴定为3,5-双（3-吡啶基）-1,2,4-噻二唑（化合物），尽管此前已合成，但它是一种新的天然生物碱。本文首次基于二维核磁共振相关性分析报道了化合物的核磁共振数据的完整归属。拟议的生物合成前体硫代烟酰胺（化合物）也首次与烟酰胺（化合物）、尿苷（化合物）、次黄嘌呤（化合物）和四种5,8-环氧甾体（化合物）一起从自然界中分离出来。从海葵属中分离出一种主要的次生代谢产物（-）-甜菜碱（化合物），并首次在海洋无脊椎动物中发现。这四种5,8-环氧甾体以及其他代谢产物对五种癌细胞系表现出细胞毒性（IC为3.5-9.0μg/mL）。
