Koger-Pease Cal, Perera Dilhan J, Ndao Momar
Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 3J1, Canada.
Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 22;16(3):334. doi: 10.3390/ph16030334.
Vaccines against parasites have lagged centuries behind those against viral and bacterial infections, despite the devastating morbidity and widespread effects of parasitic diseases across the globe. One of the greatest hurdles to parasite vaccine development has been the lack of vaccine strategies able to elicit the complex and multifaceted immune responses needed to abrogate parasitic persistence. Viral vectors, especially adenovirus (AdV) vectors, have emerged as a potential solution for complex disease targets, including HIV, tuberculosis, and parasitic diseases, to name a few. AdVs are highly immunogenic and are uniquely able to drive CD8+ T cell responses, which are known to be correlates of immunity in infections with most protozoan and some helminthic parasites. This review presents recent developments in AdV-vectored vaccines targeting five major human parasitic diseases: malaria, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. Many AdV-vectored vaccines have been developed for these diseases, utilizing a wide variety of vectors, antigens, and modes of delivery. AdV-vectored vaccines are a promising approach for the historically challenging target of human parasitic diseases.
尽管寄生虫病在全球范围内造成了毁灭性的发病率并产生了广泛影响，但针对寄生虫的疫苗研发比针对病毒和细菌感染的疫苗落后了几个世纪。寄生虫疫苗开发的最大障碍之一是缺乏能够引发消除寄生虫持续存在所需的复杂且多方面免疫反应的疫苗策略。病毒载体，尤其是腺病毒（AdV）载体，已成为针对包括艾滋病毒、结核病和寄生虫病等复杂疾病靶点的潜在解决方案。腺病毒具有高度免疫原性，并且独特地能够驱动CD8 + T细胞反应，已知这种反应与大多数原生动物和一些蠕虫寄生虫感染中的免疫相关。本综述介绍了针对五种主要人类寄生虫病（疟疾、恰加斯病、血吸虫病、利什曼病和弓形虫病）的腺病毒载体疫苗的最新进展。针对这些疾病已经开发了许多腺病毒载体疫苗，采用了各种各样的载体、抗原和递送方式。腺病毒载体疫苗对于人类寄生虫病这一历史上具有挑战性的目标来说是一种有前途的方法。
