Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck St. Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; University of California - Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 2150 Shattuck St. Suite 601, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Addict Behav. 2023 Aug;143:107707. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107707. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
This study evaluated how Shelter-in-Place (SIP), modified reopening orders, and self-reported compliance with these orders have affected adolescent alcohol frequency and quantity of use across contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Differences-in-differences (DID) models and multi-level modeling analyses were conducted on longitudinal data collected as part of a larger study on alcohol use among adolescents in California. 1,350 adolescents at baseline contributed 7,467 observations for a baseline and 5 six-month follow-up surveys. Analytic samples ranged from 3,577-6,245 participant observations based on models. Alcohol use outcomes included participant frequency (days) and quantity (number of whole drinks) of alcohol use in past 1-month and past 6-month periods. Context-specific alcohol use outcomes included past 6-month frequency and quantity of use at: restaurants, bars/nightclubs, outside, one's own home, another's home, and fraternities/sororities. Participant self-reported compliance with orders in essential business/retail spaces and at outdoor/social settings were also assessed.
Our DID results indicated that being under a modified reopening order was associated with decreases in past 6-month quantity of alcohol use (IRR = 0.72, CI = 0.56-0.93, p < 0.05). Higher self-reported compliance with SIP orders related to social outdoor/social settings was associated with decreases in overall drinking frequency and quantity as well as decreases in frequency and quantity of alcohol use in all contexts in the past six months. Compliance with SIP orders impacting essential businesses and retail spaces was associated with decreased frequency and quantity of use at other's home and outdoors.
Results suggest that SIP and modified reopening policies may not directly affect adolescent alcohol use or drinking contexts, and that individual compliance with such orders may be a protective factor for alcohol use.
本研究评估了就地庇护（SIP）、修改后的重新开放命令，以及自我报告对这些命令的遵守情况如何影响 COVID-19 大流行期间青少年在不同情境下的酒精使用频率和数量。
对加利福尼亚州青少年饮酒问题的一项更大研究中收集的纵向数据进行了差分分析（DID）模型和多层次建模分析。1350 名青少年在基线时贡献了 7467 次观察值，用于基线和 5 次 6 个月的随访调查。基于模型的分析样本范围为 3577-6245 个参与者观察值。酒精使用结果包括过去 1 个月和过去 6 个月期间参与者的饮酒频率（天数）和数量（整杯数）。特定情境的酒精使用结果包括过去 6 个月在以下场所的使用频率和数量：餐厅、酒吧/夜总会、户外、自己的家、他人的家以及联谊会/兄弟会。还评估了参与者对基本商业/零售场所和户外/社交场所的订单的自我报告遵守情况。
我们的 DID 结果表明，处于修改后的重新开放命令之下与过去 6 个月的酒精使用量减少有关（IRR=0.72，CI=0.56-0.93，p<0.05）。较高的 SIP 订单自我报告遵守情况与社交户外/社交环境有关，与整体饮酒频率和数量的减少以及过去六个月所有情境下的酒精使用频率和数量的减少有关。遵守影响基本业务和零售空间的 SIP 订单与减少在他人家和户外的使用频率和数量有关。
结果表明，SIP 和修改后的重新开放政策可能不会直接影响青少年的酒精使用或饮酒情境，而个人对这些命令的遵守可能是酒精使用的保护因素。
