Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Trauma and Critical Care Service, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Mar 29;23(1):587. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15491-4.
Several cross-sectional studies have reported risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, these studies did not focus on sex differences in middle-aged and senior populations or employ a longitudinal design. These study design differences are important, as there are sex differences in lifestyle habits associated with MetS, and middle-aged and senior individuals have increased MetS susceptibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether sex differences influenced MetS risk over a ten-year follow-up period among middle-aged and senior hospital employees.
This population-based and prospective cohort study enrolled 565 participants who did not have MetS in 2012 for a ten-year repeated-measurement analysis. Data were retrieved from the hospital's Health Management Information System. Analyses included Student's t tests, χ tests and Cox regression. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Male middle-aged and senior hospital employees had an elevated MetS risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.936, p < 0.001). Men with more than four family history risk factors had an increased risk of MetS (HR = 1.969, p = 0.010). Women who worked shift duty (HR = 1.326, p = 0.020), had more than two chronic diseases (HR = 1.513, p = 0.012), had three family history risk factors (HR = 1.623, p = 0.010), or chewed betel nuts (HR = 9.710, p = 0.002) had an increased risk of MetS.
The longitudinal design of our study improves the understanding of sex differences in MetS risk factors in middle-aged and senior adults. A significantly elevated risk of MetS over the ten-year follow-up period was associated with male sex, shift work, the number of chronic diseases, the number of family history risk factors, and betel nut chewing. Women who chewed betel nuts had an especially increased risk of MetS. Our study indicates that population-specific studies are important for the identification of subgroups susceptible to MetS and for the implementation of hospital-based strategies.
几项横断面研究报告了代谢综合征（MetS）的危险因素。然而，这些研究没有关注中年和老年人群中的性别差异，也没有采用纵向设计。这些研究设计的差异很重要，因为与 MetS 相关的生活方式习惯存在性别差异，而中年和老年人的 MetS 易感性增加。因此，本研究旨在探讨在中年和老年医院员工的十年随访期间，性别差异是否会影响 MetS 风险。
本基于人群的前瞻性队列研究纳入了 2012 年无 MetS 的 565 名参与者，进行了十年的重复测量分析。数据来自医院的健康管理信息系统。分析包括学生 t 检验、卡方检验和 Cox 回归。P<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
男性中年和老年医院员工的 MetS 风险升高（危险比（HR）=1.936，p<0.001）。有超过四个家族史危险因素的男性患 MetS 的风险增加（HR=1.969，p=0.010）。轮班工作的女性（HR=1.326，p=0.020）、患有超过两种慢性疾病（HR=1.513，p=0.012）、有三个家族史危险因素（HR=1.623，p=0.010）或咀嚼槟榔（HR=9.710，p=0.002）的女性患 MetS 的风险增加。
本研究的纵向设计提高了对中年和老年人群中 MetS 危险因素的性别差异的理解。在十年的随访期间，MetS 风险显著升高与男性性别、轮班工作、慢性疾病数量、家族史危险因素数量和咀嚼槟榔有关。咀嚼槟榔的女性患 MetS 的风险尤其增加。本研究表明，针对特定人群的研究对于确定易患 MetS 的亚组和实施基于医院的策略非常重要。
