Mauro F, Teodori L, Schumann J, Göhde W
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1986 Apr;12(4):625-36. doi: 10.1016/0360-3016(86)90072-6.
Flow cytometry permits the quantitative description of neoplastic cell populations from the point of view of their cytogenetic and cytokinetic features. The advances in preparation of cellular monodispersed samples allow the examination not only of in vitro and hematological, but also of surgical, biopsy, endoscopic, and lavage specimens. The analysis of cytometric DNA content has evidenced the importance of (aneu)ploidy as a remarkable tumor marker. Tumors of different sites and, in some cases, stages and/or grades are characterized by a differential occurrence of diploid vs. aneuploid cell subpopulations and by the eventual presence of different stem cell lines within the same tumor. For certain classes of neoplasms, these parameters can be used for the early recognition of neoplasia and related to disease evolution and dissemination and to the results of therapy. Flow cytometry can also be used to evaluate the fraction of (cycling) cells in the S-phase and of proliferating cells (growth fraction). The percent of S cells can be extracted from cytometric DNA content histograms. Furthermore, the method of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation has been recently introduced into flow cytometry. BrdUrd labeling in cycling cells can be detected either by the induction of quenching or enhancement of specific DNA-dye fluorescence or by fluorescent anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies. This approach has been confirmed by preliminary comparative tests on cultured cells, normal and malignant bone marrow, and human solid tumor specimens. These parameters, together with other cytometric parameters of potential importance for the cellular characterization of malignancy, offer a reliable and real time-saving tool for the prognostic assessment of human tumors and the predicting and monitoring of the results of therapy.
流式细胞术能够从细胞遗传学和细胞动力学特征的角度对肿瘤细胞群体进行定量描述。细胞单分散样本制备技术的进步，使得不仅可以对体外样本、血液样本进行检测，还能对手术标本、活检标本、内镜标本和灌洗标本进行检测。细胞DNA含量的流式细胞术分析已证明（非整）倍体作为一种重要肿瘤标志物的重要性。不同部位的肿瘤，在某些情况下还有不同分期和/或分级的肿瘤，其特征在于二倍体与非整倍体细胞亚群的差异出现，以及同一肿瘤中最终可能存在不同的干细胞系。对于某些类型的肿瘤，这些参数可用于肿瘤的早期识别，并与疾病的进展、扩散以及治疗结果相关联。流式细胞术还可用于评估处于S期的（循环）细胞和增殖细胞（生长分数）的比例。S期细胞的百分比可从细胞DNA含量直方图中得出。此外，溴脱氧尿苷（BrdUrd）掺入法最近已被引入流式细胞术。循环细胞中的BrdUrd标记可通过特定DNA染料荧光的猝灭诱导或增强来检测，也可通过荧光抗BrdUrd单克隆抗体来检测。这种方法已在培养细胞、正常和恶性骨髓以及人类实体瘤标本的初步对比试验中得到证实。这些参数，连同其他对恶性细胞特征具有潜在重要性的流式细胞术参数，为人类肿瘤的预后评估以及治疗结果的预测和监测提供了一种可靠且节省时间的工具。
