Brodzki Piotr, Marczuk Jan, Lisiecka Urszula, Krakowski Leszek, Szczubiał Marek, Dąbrowski Roman, Bochniarz Mariola, Kulpa Katarzyna, Brodzki Nikodem, Wolniaczyk Karolina
Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Lublin, Poland.
Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Medicine, Lublin, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2023 Feb 17;67(1):105-113. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0002. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).
The research was carried out on an experimental group (Exp) of 10 herdmate Holstein-Friesian cows with mycotoxicosis. The control group (Con) was 10 healthy cows of the same breed from a different herd. Cows in the Exp group were administered the mycotoxin deactivator Mycofix for three months. Blood was drawn from Exp cows once before administering Mycofix and a second time after three months of its use. Blood was also drawn from Con cows at the same times. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, SAA and Hp were assessed using ELISA.
The concentrations of all cytokines and Hp in Exp cows were higher before treatment (P < 0.001) than those in Con cows. After three months of administering Mycofix, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and Hp were still significantly higher than those in the Con group (P < 0.001). In cows with mycotoxicosis, simultaneous stimulation of antagonistic processes was noted: a pro-inflammatory process in the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-inflammatory one in the upregulation of IL-10.
Despite the absorbent's use and the resolution of clinical symptoms in Exp cows, high levels of IL-10 and Hp and IL-6 were maintained. Assessment of the level of cytokines and APP appears to be a useful and precise tool for the evaluation and application of the appropriate dose of the mycotoxin absorbent or the evaluation of its effectiveness.
奶牛体内的霉菌毒素可引发许多非特异性症状，这些症状通常是由免疫系统过度反应所致。本研究评估了使用霉菌毒素中和剂前后，患有自然霉菌毒素中毒的奶牛体内特定细胞因子和急性期蛋白（APP）的浓度。细胞因子包括肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和白细胞介素10（IL-10），急性期蛋白包括血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）和触珠蛋白（Hp）。
研究在一个实验组（Exp）中进行，该组有10头患有霉菌毒素中毒的同群荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛。对照组（Con）是来自不同牛群的10头相同品种的健康奶牛。给实验组的奶牛服用霉菌毒素灭活剂Mycofix，为期三个月。在给实验组奶牛服用Mycofix之前抽取一次血液，在使用三个月后再抽取一次。同时也在相同时间从对照组奶牛身上采血。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）评估血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、SAA和Hp的水平。
实验组奶牛在治疗前所有细胞因子和Hp的浓度均高于对照组奶牛（P < 0.001）。服用Mycofix三个月后，TNF-α和IL-6的浓度显著低于治疗前水平（P < 0.001）。IL-6、IL-10和Hp的浓度仍显著高于对照组（P < 0.001）。在患有霉菌毒素中毒的奶牛中，观察到拮抗过程同时受到刺激：TNF-α和IL-6上调引发促炎过程，IL-10上调引发抗炎过程。
尽管实验组奶牛使用了吸附剂且临床症状得到缓解，但IL-10、Hp和IL-6仍维持在较高水平。评估细胞因子和急性期蛋白的水平似乎是评估和应用适当剂量霉菌毒素吸附剂或评估其有效性的有用且精确的工具。
