Ishii Sayuri, Takagi Shunsuke, Kobayashi Nanase, Jitoku Daisuke, Sugihara Genichi, Takahashi Hidehiko
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan.
Sleep Research Institute, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 16;14:1127777. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1127777. eCollection 2023.
Hyperfocus symptom is the intense concentration on a certain object. It is a common but often overlooked symptom in those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hyperfocus disrupts attention control and results in a focus on inappropriate behaviors. It allows individuals to focus on internet use and make them use internet excessively. This excessive internet use can lead to an addiction. This study investigated the status of IA and hyperfocus, the mediation effect of hyperfocus in relation to IA, and the relationship between ADHD subtypes and hyperfocus in those with ADHD symptoms.
This web-based cross-sectional study included 3,500 Japanese adults who completed internet-based questionnaires, which included the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Hyperfocus Scale (HFS) to assess ADHD symptoms, internet dependence, and hyperfocus symptoms, respectively. The mediating role of HFS in the relationship between ASRS and IAT was assessed by mediation analysis. To analyze the relationship between hyperfocus symptoms and ADHD subtypes, we compared the correlation of HFS with the Inattention and Hyperactive Scores of ASRS.
ADHD traits were associated with higher IAT scores ( < 0.001) and higher HFS scores ( < 0.001). Mediation analysis and bootstrap testing showed that HFS significantly mediated the association between ASRS and IAT. Analyses of ADHD subtypes demonstrated that HFS was significantly correlated with the Inattention ( = 0.597, < 0.001) and Hyperactive ( = 0.523, < 0.001) Scores. The correlation between HFS and the Inattention Score was significantly higher than that between HFS and the Hyperactive Score ( < 0.001).
Our findings suggest that hyperfocus may play an important role in addictive behavior in ADHD as a manifestation of attentional control malfunction.
高度专注症状是指对某一特定对象的强烈专注。它是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者中常见但常被忽视的症状。高度专注会干扰注意力控制，导致专注于不适当的行为。它使个体专注于互联网使用并过度使用互联网。这种过度的互联网使用会导致成瘾。本研究调查了互联网成瘾（IA）和高度专注的状况、高度专注在IA中的中介作用，以及ADHD症状患者中ADHD亚型与高度专注之间的关系。
这项基于网络的横断面研究纳入了3500名日本成年人，他们完成了基于网络的问卷，其中包括成人ADHD自陈量表（ASRS）、互联网成瘾测试（IAT）和高度专注量表（HFS），分别用于评估ADHD症状、互联网依赖和高度专注症状。通过中介分析评估HFS在ASRS与IAT关系中的中介作用。为了分析高度专注症状与ADHD亚型之间的关系，我们比较了HFS与ASRS的注意力不集中和多动得分的相关性。
ADHD特征与较高的IAT得分（<0.001）和较高的HFS得分（<0.001）相关。中介分析和自助法检验表明，HFS显著中介了ASRS与IAT之间的关联。ADHD亚型分析表明，HFS与注意力不集中得分（=0.597，<0.001）和多动得分（=0.523，<0.001）显著相关。HFS与注意力不集中得分之间的相关性显著高于HFS与多动得分之间的相关性（<0.001）。
我们的研究结果表明，高度专注可能作为注意力控制功能障碍的一种表现，在ADHD的成瘾行为中起重要作用。
