González-Garrido José Arnold, García-Sánchez José Rubén, López-Victorio Carlos Javier, Escobar-Ramírez Adelma, Olivares-Corichi Ivonne María
Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1 Colonia la Esmeralda, Tabasco, C.P. 86690, México.
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, México.
Nutr Res Pract. 2023 Apr;17(2):228-240. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.228. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cocoa consumption is associated with health benefits due to its high content of polyphenols. However, the effects of short-term cocoa consumption remain unclear. We aimed to determine the effects generated by cocoa consumption (for 7 days) in young adults in normoweight and class II obesity.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Before-and-after study was carried out in normoweight (NW) (n = 15) and class II obesity (CIIO) (n = 15) young adults. The NW and CIIO participants consumed 25 and 39 g of cocoa, respectively, per day for 7 days. The effect of cocoa consumption was evaluated on the lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. Oxidative damage was also examined by assessing the biomarkers of oxidative damage in plasma. In addition, recombinant human insulin was incubated with blood obtained from the participants, and the molecular damage to the hormone was analyzed.
Cocoa consumption resulted in decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both groups ( = 0.04), while the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were maintained at the recommended levels. Initially, IR was detected in the CIIO group (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] = 4.78 ± 0.4), which is associated with molecular damage to insulin. Interestingly, intervention with cocoa resulted in improved IR (HOMA = 3.14 ± 0.31) ( = 0.0018) as well as molecular damage to insulin. Finally, cocoa consumption significant decreased the arginase activity ( = 0.0249) in the CIIO group; this is a critical enzymatic activity in the inflammatory process associated with obesity.
The short-term consumption of cocoa improves the lipid profile, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and protects against oxidative damage. Results of this study indicate that cocoa consumption can potentially improve IR and restore a healthy redox status.
背景/目的：由于可可中多酚含量高，食用可可对健康有益。然而，短期食用可可的效果仍不明确。我们旨在确定食用可可（7天）对体重正常和II级肥胖的年轻人产生的影响。
受试者/方法：对体重正常（NW）组（n = 15）和II级肥胖（CIIO）组（n = 15）的年轻人进行前后对照研究。NW组和CIIO组参与者每天分别食用25克和39克可可，持续7天。评估食用可可对血脂谱、胰岛素抵抗（IR）和炎症的影响。还通过评估血浆中氧化损伤的生物标志物来检测氧化损伤。此外，将重组人胰岛素与参与者的血液一起孵育，并分析该激素的分子损伤情况。
两组食用可可后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均降低（P = 0.04），而总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯维持在推荐水平。最初，在CIIO组检测到IR（稳态模型评估[HOMA] = 4.78 ± 0.4），这与胰岛素的分子损伤有关。有趣的是，可可干预使IR得到改善（HOMA = 3.14 ± 0.31）（P = 0.0018）以及胰岛素的分子损伤情况得到改善。最后，食用可可使CIIO组的精氨酸酶活性显著降低（P = 0.0249）；这是与肥胖相关的炎症过程中的关键酶活性。
短期食用可可可改善血脂谱，发挥抗炎作用，并防止氧化损伤。本研究结果表明，食用可可可能改善IR并恢复健康的氧化还原状态。
