Department of Preventive Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
Exp Mol Med. 2023 Apr;55(4):681-691. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-00960-y. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
Damage to the colon mucus barrier, the first line of defense against microorganisms, is an important determinant of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, and disorder in extraintestinal organs. The mucus layer has attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years, and with the discovery of new mucosal components, it has become increasingly clear that the mucosal barrier is a complex system composed of many components. Moreover, certain components are jointly involved in regulating the structure and function of the mucus barrier. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the functional components of the mucus layer is clearly warranted. In this review, we summarize the various functional components of the mucus layer identified thus far and describe their unique roles in shaping mucosal structure and function. Furthermore, we detail the mechanisms underlying mucus secretion, including baseline and stimulated secretion. In our opinion, baseline secretion can be categorized into spontaneous Ca oscillation-mediated slow and continuous secretion and stimulated secretion, which is mediated by massive Ca influx induced by exogenous stimuli. This review extends the current understanding of the intestinal mucus barrier, with an emphasis on host defense strategies based on fortification of the mucus layer.
肠黏膜黏液屏障的损伤是导致肠道疾病（如炎症性肠病和结直肠癌）和肠外器官紊乱的重要因素，它是抵御微生物的第一道防线。近年来，黏液层引起了科学界的关注，随着新的黏膜成分的发现，越来越清楚的是，黏膜屏障是由许多成分组成的复杂系统。此外，某些成分共同参与调节黏液屏障的结构和功能。因此，全面系统地了解黏液层的功能成分显然是必要的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了迄今为止发现的黏液层的各种功能成分，并描述了它们在塑造黏膜结构和功能方面的独特作用。此外，我们详细介绍了黏液分泌的机制，包括基础分泌和刺激分泌。我们认为，基础分泌可分为自发 Ca 震荡介导的缓慢持续分泌和受外源刺激诱导的大量 Ca 内流介导的刺激分泌。这篇综述扩展了对肠道黏液屏障的现有认识，重点介绍了基于增强黏液层的宿主防御策略。
