Cevik Pinar, Akca Gulcin, Asar Neset Volkan, Avci Emine, Kiat-Amnuay Sudarat, Yilmaz Burak
Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; and Research Scholar, Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Basic Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Feb;133(2):608-614. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.001. Epub 2023 Apr 1.
Deficient hygiene of maxillofacial prostheses can be a source of infection, and various disinfectants, including nano-oxides, have been suggested for the disinfection of silicone prostheses. While maxillofacial silicones involving nano-oxides at different sizes and concentrations have been evaluated in terms of their mechanical and physical properties, reports are lacking on the antimicrobial effect of nano titanium dioxide (TiO) incorporated into maxillofacial silicones contaminated by different biofilms.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 6 different disinfectants and nano TiO incorporation into maxillofacial silicone contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans biofilms.
A total of 258 silicone specimens (129 pure silicones and 129 nano TiO-incorporated silicones) were fabricated. Specimens in each silicone group (with or without nano TiO) were divided into 7 disinfectant groups (control, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, neutral soap, 100% white vinegar, and effervescent) in each biofilm group. Contaminated specimens were disinfected, and the suspension of each specimen was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Proliferated colonies were recorded in colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL). The differences in microbial levels among specimens were evaluated to test the effect of the type of silicone and the disinfectant (α=.05).
Significant difference was found among disinfectants regardless of the silicone type (P<.05). Nano TiO incorporation showed an antimicrobial effect on S aureus, E coli, and C albicans biofilms. Nano TiO incorporated silicone cleaned with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate had statistically less C albicans than pure silicone. Using white vinegar or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate led to no E coli on either silicone. Nano TiO incorporated silicone cleaned with effervescent had fewer S aureus or C albicans biofilms.
The tested disinfectants and nano TiO incorporation into silicone were effective against most of the microorganisms used in this study.
颌面修复体卫生状况不佳可能成为感染源，包括纳米氧化物在内的多种消毒剂已被建议用于硅橡胶修复体的消毒。虽然已对含有不同尺寸和浓度纳米氧化物的颌面硅橡胶的机械和物理性能进行了评估，但关于掺入颌面硅橡胶中的纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）对受不同生物膜污染的硅橡胶的抗菌效果的报道却很缺乏。
本体外研究的目的是评估6种不同消毒剂以及纳米TiO₂掺入对被金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌生物膜污染的颌面硅橡胶的抗菌效果。
共制作了258个硅橡胶标本（129个纯硅橡胶标本和129个掺入纳米TiO₂的硅橡胶标本）。每个硅橡胶组（含或不含纳米TiO₂）的标本在每个生物膜组中又分为7个消毒剂组（对照组、0.2%葡萄糖酸氯己定、4%葡萄糖酸氯己定、1%次氯酸钠、中性肥皂、100%白醋和泡腾剂）。对污染的标本进行消毒，每个标本的悬液在37℃下孵育24小时。记录每毫升形成菌落单位（CFU/mL）中增殖的菌落数。评估标本间微生物水平的差异，以测试硅橡胶类型和消毒剂的效果（α = 0.05）。
无论硅橡胶类型如何，消毒剂之间均存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。掺入纳米TiO₂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌生物膜均有抗菌作用。用4%葡萄糖酸氯己定清洁的掺入纳米TiO₂的硅橡胶上的白色念珠菌在统计学上比纯硅橡胶上的少。使用白醋或4%葡萄糖酸氯己定后，两种硅橡胶上均未检测到大肠杆菌。用泡腾剂清洁的掺入纳米TiO₂的硅橡胶上的金黄色葡萄球菌或白色念珠菌生物膜较少。
所测试的消毒剂以及纳米TiO₂掺入硅橡胶对本研究中使用的大多数微生物均有效。
