Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
Nat Commun. 2023 Apr 5;14(1):1887. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37559-w.
Resident memory T cells (T) present at the respiratory tract may be essential to enhance early SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance, thus limiting viral infection and disease. While long-term antigen-specific T are detectable beyond 11 months in the lung of convalescent COVID-19 patients, it is unknown if mRNA vaccination encoding for the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein can induce this frontline protection. Here we show that the frequency of CD4 T cells secreting IFNγ in response to S-peptides is variable but overall similar in the lung of mRNA-vaccinated patients compared to convalescent-infected patients. However, in vaccinated patients, lung responses present less frequently a T phenotype compared to convalescent infected individuals and polyfunctional CD107a IFNγ T are virtually absent in vaccinated patients. These data indicate that mRNA vaccination induces specific T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung parenchyma, although to a limited extend. It remains to be determined whether these vaccine-induced responses contribute to overall COVID-19 control.
呼吸道内存在的驻留记忆 T 细胞（T 细胞）可能对于增强早期 SARS-CoV-2 病毒清除至关重要，从而限制病毒感染和疾病。虽然在 COVID-19 恢复期患者的肺部中可检测到超过 11 个月的长期抗原特异性 T 细胞，但尚不清楚编码 SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白的 mRNA 疫苗是否可以诱导这种一线保护。在这里，我们表明，与恢复期感染患者相比，mRNA 疫苗接种患者肺部中针对 S 肽产生 IFNγ 的 CD4 T 细胞的频率存在差异，但总体上相似。然而，与恢复期感染个体相比，在接种疫苗的患者中，肺部反应中 T 细胞表型出现的频率较低，并且在接种疫苗的患者中几乎不存在多功能 CD107a IFNγ T 细胞。这些数据表明，mRNA 疫苗可在肺实质中诱导针对 SARS-CoV-2 的特异性 T 细胞反应，但程度有限。尚需确定这些疫苗诱导的反应是否有助于整体 COVID-19 控制。
