Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mol Neurobiol. 2023 Jul;60(7):4064-4083. doi: 10.1007/s12035-023-03321-y. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide since substantial morbidity is observed after it, and the long-term consequences that are not yet fully recognized. A number of cellular pathways related to the secondary injury in brain have been identified, including free radical production (owing to mitochondrial dysfunction), excitotoxicity (regulated by excitatory neurotransmitters), apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory responses (as a result of activation of the immune system and central nervous system). In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) maintain a fundamental contribution to post-transcriptional regulation. It has been shown that mammalian brains express high levels of ncRNAs that are involved in several brain physiological processes. Furthermore, altered levels of ncRNA expression have been found in those with traumatic as well non-traumatic brain injuries. The current review highlights the primary molecular mechanisms participated in TBI that describes the latest and novel results about changes and role of ncRNAs in TBI in both clinical and experimental research.
如今，全世界都越来越关注创伤性脑损伤（TBI），因为它会导致大量的发病率，而且其长期后果尚未被完全认识。已经确定了与脑继发性损伤相关的许多细胞途径，包括自由基生成（由于线粒体功能障碍）、兴奋毒性（由兴奋性神经递质调节）、细胞凋亡和神经炎症反应（由于免疫系统和中枢神经系统的激活）。在这种情况下，非编码 RNA（ncRNA）对转录后调控有重要贡献。已经表明，哺乳动物大脑中表达高水平的 ncRNA，这些 RNA 参与了几个大脑生理过程。此外，在创伤性和非创伤性脑损伤患者中发现了 ncRNA 表达水平的改变。本综述重点介绍了参与 TBI 的主要分子机制，描述了 ncRNA 在 TBI 中的变化和作用的最新和新颖的研究结果，包括临床和实验研究。
