College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Building No.1, Fucheng Road 11#, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
Department of Stomatology, General Hospital, Beijing, China.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023 Apr 5;23(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-03928-7.
Streptococcus mutans is a well-known oral pathogen that plays a critical role in the development of dental caries. Many studies have been directed to discover the chemical compounds present in natural products to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation activity of S. mutans. Thymus essential oils exhibit good inhibition on the growth and pathogenesis of S. mutans. However, details about the active compounds in Thymus essential oil and the inhibition mechanism still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 6 Thymus species (Three samples of Thymus vulgaris, two samples of Thymus zygis, and one sample of Thymus satureioides essential oils) on S. mutans, to identify the potential active components, and to reveal the underlying mechanism.
The composition of Thymus essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. And its antibacterial effect was evaluated based on the bacterial growth, acid production, biofilm formation and genetic expression of virulence factors by S. mutans. Potential active components of the Thymus essential oil were identified using molecular docking and correlation analysis.
GC-MS analysis showed that the major components in the 6 Spain Thymus essential oils were linalool, α-terpineol, p-cymene, thymol and carvacrol. MIC and MBC analysis showed that 3 Thymus essential oils showed very sensitive antimicrobial activity, and were chosen for further analysis. The 3 Thymus essential oil exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on acid production, adherence and biofilm formation of S. mutans and the expression of virulence genes, such as brpA, gbpB, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, vicR, spaP and relA. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic components, such as carvacrol and thymol, were positively related to DIZ value, which suggests that they are the potential antimicrobial components. Molecular docking between the Thymus essential oil components and virulence proteins also found that carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong binding affinity with functional domains of virulence genes.
Thymus essential oil showed significant inhibition against the growth and pathogenesis of S. mutans depending on their composition and concentration. And phenolic compounds, such as carvacrol and thymol, are the major active components. Thymus essential oil could be used in oral healthcare products as a potential anti-caries ingredient.
变形链球菌是一种众所周知的口腔病原体，在龋齿的发展中起着关键作用。许多研究都致力于发现天然产物中的化学化合物，以抑制变形链球菌的生长和生物膜形成活性。百里香精油对变形链球菌的生长和发病机制表现出良好的抑制作用。然而，关于百里香精油中的活性化合物及其抑制机制的细节仍然不清楚。本研究旨在研究 6 种百里香属植物（3 种普通百里香、2 种穗花薰衣草、1 种香薄荷）精油对变形链球菌的抗菌活性，鉴定潜在的活性成分，并揭示其潜在机制。
用气相色谱-质谱法分析百里香精油的组成，并根据变形链球菌的细菌生长、产酸、生物膜形成和毒力因子的基因表达来评价其抑菌效果。利用分子对接和相关分析鉴定百里香精油的潜在活性成分。
GC-MS 分析表明，6 种西班牙百里香精油的主要成分是芳樟醇、α-松油醇、对伞花烃、百里香酚和香芹酚。MIC 和 MBC 分析表明，3 种百里香精油表现出非常敏感的抗菌活性，因此选择进一步分析。这 3 种百里香精油对变形链球菌的产酸、黏附和生物膜形成以及毒力基因的表达（如 brpA、gbpB、gtfB、gtfC、gtfD、vicR、spaP 和 relA）均表现出显著的抑制作用。相关分析表明，香芹酚和百里香酚等酚类成分与 DIZ 值呈正相关，这表明它们是潜在的抗菌成分。百里香精油成分与毒力蛋白的分子对接也发现，香芹酚和百里香酚与毒力基因的功能域表现出很强的结合亲和力。
百里香精油的浓度和组成对变形链球菌的生长和发病机制有显著的抑制作用。酚类化合物，如香芹酚和百里香酚，是主要的活性成分。百里香精油可作为一种潜在的抗龋成分应用于口腔保健产品。
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