Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/@sunan_li.
Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2023 Jun;80:102722. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102722. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
The unique morphology and functionality of central nervous system (CNS) neurons necessitate specialized mechanisms to maintain energy metabolism throughout long axons and extensive terminals. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) enwrap CNS axons with myelin sheaths in a multilamellar fashion. Apart from their well-established function in action potential propagation, OLs also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes consisting of proteins, lipids, and RNAs. OL-derived metabolic support is crucial for the maintenance of axonal integrity; its dysfunction has emerged as an important player in neurological disorders that are associated with axonal energy deficits and degeneration. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how these transcellular signaling pathways maintain axonal energy metabolism in health and neurological disorders.
中枢神经系统（CNS）神经元独特的形态和功能需要特殊的机制来维持长轴突和广泛末梢中的能量代谢。少突胶质细胞（OLs）以多层方式包裹 CNS 轴突形成髓鞘。除了在动作电位传播中确立的功能外，OLs 还通过转移能量代谢物和输送包含蛋白质、脂质和 RNA 的外泌体，为轴突提供细胞间代谢支持。OL 衍生的代谢支持对于维持轴突完整性至关重要；其功能障碍已成为与轴突能量不足和退化相关的神经疾病的重要参与者。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些细胞间信号通路在维持健康和神经疾病中轴突能量代谢方面的最新进展。
