Section on Growth, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Division of Endocrinology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Aug 18;108(9):e663-e670. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad202.
Accelerated early growth and early timing of puberty or pubertal variant have been noticed as risk factors for metabolic syndrome, more frequently observed in children born small for gestational age (SGA) or children with premature adrenarche (PA). Children with SGA, especially if they make an accelerated catch-up growth in early life, carry a higher risk for long-term metabolic consequences, such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, multiple studies support that these children, either born SGA or with a history of PA, may have earlier pubertal timing, which is also associated with various metabolic risks. This review aims to summarize the recent studies investigating the association between early infantile growth, the timing of puberty, and metabolic risks to expand our knowledge and gain more insight into the underlying pathophysiology.
加速的早期生长和青春期或青春期变异的提前出现已被认为是代谢综合征的危险因素，在出生体重小于胎龄（SGA）或患有早熟性肾上腺功能亢进症（PA）的儿童中更为常见。SGA 儿童，尤其是那些在生命早期经历加速追赶生长的儿童，长期存在代谢后果的风险更高，如 2 型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗和心血管疾病。此外，多项研究支持这些儿童，无论是出生 SGA 还是有 PA 病史，可能会有更早的青春期开始时间，这也与各种代谢风险有关。本综述旨在总结最近研究探讨婴幼儿早期生长、青春期时间与代谢风险之间的关系，以扩展我们的知识并更深入地了解潜在的病理生理学。
