Fu Pei, Lan Li-Bo, Chen Ying, Hao Zhuo, Xing Yun-Xiang, Cai Xu, Zhang Chun-Mei, Chen Yi-Song
School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Apr 8;44(4):2365-2374. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202208236.
The development of energy saving and new energy vehicles is an important technology path to reduce carbon emissions for the transportation industry. To quantitatively predict the life cycle carbon emissions of energy saving and new energy vehicles, this study used the life cycle assessment method and selected the fuel economy level, lightweight level, carbon emission factor of electricity structure, and carbon emission factor of hydrogen production as key performance parameters to establish inventories of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), mild hybrid electrical vehicles (MHEV), heavy hybrid electrical vehicles (HEV), battery electrical vehicles (BEV), and fuel cell vehicles (FCV) based on automotive-related policy and technical routes. The sensitivity of carbon emission factors of electricity structure and different hydrogen production methods were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the current life cycle carbon emissions (CO equivalent) of ICEV, MHEV, HEV, BEV, and FCV were 207.8, 195.2, 149.9, 113.3, and 204.7 g·km, respectively. By 2035, BEV and FCV were predicted to have a significant reduction of 69.1% and 49.3%, respectively, compared with ICEV. The carbon emission factor of electricity structure had the most significant influence on BEV life cycle carbon emissions. In terms of different hydrogen production methods of FCV, hydrogen demand should be mainly supplied by industrial hydrogen by-product purification in the short-term future, whereas hydrogen energy production by water electrolysis and hydrogen production from fossil energy combined with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology should be used to meet the hydrogen demand of FCV in the long-term future, so as to achieve a significant improvement in the life cycle carbon reduction benefits of FCV.
节能与新能源汽车的发展是交通运输行业减少碳排放的重要技术路径。为定量预测节能与新能源汽车的生命周期碳排放，本研究采用生命周期评价方法，选取燃油经济性水平、轻量化水平、电力结构碳排放因子和制氢碳排放因子作为关键性能参数，基于汽车相关政策和技术路线，建立了内燃机汽车（ICEV）、轻度混合动力汽车（MHEV）、重度混合动力汽车（HEV）、纯电动汽车（BEV）和燃料电池汽车（FCV）的清单。分析并讨论了电力结构碳排放因子和不同制氢方法的敏感性。结果表明，当前ICEV、MHEV、HEV、BEV和FCV的生命周期碳排放（CO当量）分别为207.8、195.2、149.9、113.3和204.7 g·km。到2035年，预计BEV和FCV与ICEV相比将分别显著降低69.1%和49.3%。电力结构碳排放因子对BEV生命周期碳排放的影响最为显著。就FCV的不同制氢方法而言，短期内氢气需求应以工业副产氢提纯供应为主，而长期则应采用水电解制氢和化石能源制氢结合碳捕集、利用与封存技术来满足FCV的氢气需求，以实现FCV生命周期碳减排效益的显著提升。
