Biomedical Research Center, Sumy State University, 31 Sanatorna Street, Sumy 40018, Ukraine.
Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 B. Krzywoustego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 Apr 26;15(16):19863-19876. doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c00170. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
Dental implants have become a routine, affordable, and highly reliable technology to replace tooth loss. In this regard, titanium and its alloys are the metals of choice for the manufacture of dental implants because they are chemically inert and biocompatible. However, for special cohorts of patients, there is still a need for improvements, specifically to increase the ability of implants to integrate into the bone and gum tissues and to prevent bacterial infections that can subsequently lead to peri-implantitis and implant failures. Therefore, titanium implants require sophisticated approaches to improve their postoperative healing and long-term stability. Such treatments range from sandblasting to calcium phosphate coating, fluoride application, ultraviolet irradiation, and anodization to increase the bioactivity of the surface. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has gained popularity as a method for modifying metal surfaces and delivering the desired mechanical and chemical properties. The outcome of PEO treatment depends on the electrochemical parameters and composition of the bath electrolyte. In this study, we investigated how complexing agents affect the PEO surfaces and found that nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) can be used to develop efficient PEO protocols. The PEO surfaces generated with NTA in combination with sources of calcium and phosphorus were shown to increase the corrosion resistance of the titanium substrate. They also support cell proliferation and reduce bacterial colonization and, hence, lead to a reduction in failed implants and repeated surgeries. Moreover, NTA is an ecologically favorable chelating agent. These features are necessary for the biomedical industry to be able to contribute to the sustainability of the public healthcare system. Therefore, NTA is proposed to be used as a component of the PEO bath electrolyte to obtain bioactive surface layers with properties desired for next-generation dental implants.
种植牙已成为一种常规、经济实惠且高度可靠的技术，可以用来修复缺失的牙齿。在这方面，钛及其合金是制造种植牙的首选金属，因为它们具有化学惰性和生物相容性。然而，对于某些特殊患者群体，仍需要改进种植牙，特别是提高种植牙与骨组织和牙龈组织整合的能力，以及预防细菌感染，因为细菌感染可能会导致种植体周围炎和种植体失败。因此，需要采用复杂的方法来提高钛种植体的术后愈合和长期稳定性。这些治疗方法包括喷砂处理、磷酸钙涂层、氟化物应用、紫外线照射和阳极氧化处理，以提高表面的生物活性。等离子体电解氧化（PEO）作为一种改善金属表面并赋予所需机械和化学性能的方法，已经得到了广泛的应用。PEO 处理的结果取决于电化学参数和电解液的组成。在这项研究中，我们研究了络合剂如何影响 PEO 表面，并发现亚氨基三乙酸（NTA）可用于开发有效的 PEO 方案。结果表明，与钙和磷源结合使用 NTA 生成的 PEO 表面可以提高钛基体的耐腐蚀性。它们还支持细胞增殖，减少细菌定植，从而减少种植体失败和重复手术的发生。此外，NTA 是一种生态友好型螯合剂。这些特性是生物医药行业为公共医疗保健系统的可持续性做出贡献所必需的。因此，建议将 NTA 用作 PEO 电解液的组成部分，以获得具有下一代种植牙所需性能的生物活性表面层。
