Vargas-Mejía Pablo, Rodríguez-Gómez Gustavo, Salas-Aranda Daniel A, García-López Irving J, Pérez-Alfaro Ruth S, de Dios Emmanuel Ávila, Santoyo-Villa J Natzul, Briseño Ricardo I Alcalá, Silva-Rosales Laura
Laboratorio de Interacciones Planta-Virus, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Irapuato Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico.
Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Arch Virol. 2023 Apr 12;168(5):135. doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05757-y.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has become a cause of great concern in the global tomato agro-industry since its first report in Israel in 2014. Global tomato production is affected by ToBRFV, and management practices are being evaluated. We tested seed lots from international producers as well as greenhouse substrates and water wells as possible sources of virus contamination. We identified a second introduction of ToBRFV in Mexico by a strain closely resembling isolates from the Netherlands and the Middle East. ToBRFV was detected by RT-PCR in seed coats and epicotyls (from commercial seeds and seedlings obtained from infected tomato plants), indicating a transmission rate of 9%. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were found in wells used for irrigation in greenhouses, but these exhibited low infectivity. These findings suggest that water sources could serve as ToBRFV reservoirs. We evaluated four chemical and six thermal methods for sanitizing substrates, plasticware, and other greenhouse utensils, using detached leaf bioassays in Nicotiana rugosa. The most effective chemical sanitization method was treatment with glutaraldehyde plus quaternary ammonium salts and pentapotassium salts. The most effective heat treatment was at 92°C for 30 minutes, which inactivated the virus. Tomato producers could implement these sanitization methods to control ToBRFV.
番茄褐色皱纹果病毒（ToBRFV）自2014年在以色列首次被报道以来，已成为全球番茄农业产业极为关注的一个问题。全球番茄生产受到ToBRFV的影响，相关管理措施正在评估之中。我们检测了来自国际生产商的种子批次以及温室基质和水井，以确定其是否为病毒污染的可能来源。我们发现墨西哥存在ToBRFV的第二次传入，其毒株与来自荷兰和中东的分离株极为相似。通过RT-PCR在种皮和上胚轴（从受感染番茄植株获得的商业种子和幼苗）中检测到了ToBRFV，表明传播率为9%。在温室灌溉用水井中发现了病毒样颗粒（VLPs），但这些颗粒的感染性较低。这些发现表明水源可能是ToBRFV的储存库。我们在皱叶烟草上采用离体叶片生物测定法，评估了四种化学方法和六种热方法对基质、塑料制品及其他温室用具进行消毒的效果。最有效的化学消毒方法是用戊二醛加季铵盐和五钾盐处理。最有效的热处理方法是在92°C下处理30分钟，可使病毒失活。番茄种植者可采用这些消毒方法来控制ToBRFV。
