Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet, Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo, Chavarín-Camacho Claudia Yaritza, Hammond Rosemarie W, Aviña-Padilla Katia
Invernadero de virus fitopatógenos. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Preparatoria Agrícola, Texcoco, Mexico.
Laboratorio de virus fitopatógenos, Colegio de Postgraduados, Fitopatología, Texcoco, Mexico.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Aug 15;16:1580000. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1580000. eCollection 2025.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) poses a global threat to tomato and pepper production due to its high transmissibility and adaptability. Understanding its genomic features and transmission mechanisms is critical for effective disease management. We characterized the genome and biological properties of a ToBRFV isolate from Mexico. Comparative genomic analyses were conducted using 100 global genomes, with particular focus on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and their distribution across different host species. Phylogenetic analysis and experimental bioassays, including seed transmission tests, were also performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic proximity between the Mexican isolate and strains from Mexico, USA, Canada, Israel, and China, indicating shared transmission routes. Genomic comparisons confirmed general sequence stability, but SNVs were found in the 126-kDa replicase, particularly within the methyltransferase domain. These SNVs exhibited host-associated patterns, with conserved profiles in tomato and unique substitutions in , , and . Bioassays demonstrated susceptibility in additional solanaceous hosts, and seed transmission assays in indicated reduced germination and low-frequency viral detection in seedlings. The study highlights the genomic conservation and host-specific variation in ToBRFV, suggesting that the methyltransferase domain may undergo differential evolutionary pressures. The findings provide valuable insights for improving risk assessment, seed health testing, and biosecurity measures.
番茄褐色皱纹果病毒（ToBRFV）因其高传播性和适应性，对全球番茄和辣椒生产构成威胁。了解其基因组特征和传播机制对于有效病害管理至关重要。我们对一株来自墨西哥的ToBRFV分离株的基因组和生物学特性进行了表征。使用100个全球基因组进行了比较基因组分析，特别关注单核苷酸变异（SNV）及其在不同寄主物种中的分布。还进行了系统发育分析和实验性生物测定，包括种子传播试验。系统发育分析表明，墨西哥分离株与来自墨西哥、美国、加拿大、以色列和中国的菌株在遗传上相近，表明存在共同的传播途径。基因组比较证实了总体序列稳定性，但在126 kDa复制酶中发现了SNV，特别是在甲基转移酶结构域内。这些SNV表现出与寄主相关的模式，在番茄中具有保守的特征，而在[此处原文缺失具体寄主名称]中具有独特的替代。生物测定表明其他茄科寄主具有易感性，[此处原文缺失具体寄主名称]的种子传播试验表明种子发芽率降低，幼苗中病毒检测频率较低。该研究突出了ToBRFV的基因组保守性和寄主特异性变异，表明甲基转移酶结构域可能经历不同的进化压力。这些发现为改进风险评估、种子健康检测和生物安全措施提供了有价值的见解。
