Zhang Yanfeng, An Ran, Song Min, Xie Changgen, Wei Shihao, Wang Daojie, Dong Yuhong, Jia Qingli, Huang Shuhua, Mu Jianxin
Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Mar 30;12(7):1514. doi: 10.3390/plants12071514.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the main mechanism employed to utilize the heterosis of . CMS three-line rapeseed hybrids have dramatically enhanced yield and brought about the global revolution of hybrid varieties, replacing conventional crop varieties. Over the last half century, China has led the development of hybrid varieties. Two sterile lines, () and 2A, were of particular importance for the establishment of three-line hybrid systems in rapeseed, which has opened up a new era of heterosis utilization. However, in current breeding practices, it takes up to three years to identify the restorer or maintainer relationship and the cytoplasmic type of any inbred material. This greatly affects the breeding speed of new varieties and inhibits the rapid development of the rapeseed industry. To address this problem, we developed a set of molecular markers for the identification of fertile cytoplasmic gene N and sterile cytoplasmic gene S, as well as for the fertile nucleus gene R and sterile nucleus gene r, based on differences in the gene sequences between the CMS line, maintainer line and restorer line of . Combining these markers can accurately identify the CMS line, maintainer and restorer of both the and systems, as well as their hybrids. These markers can not only be used to identify of the maintainer and restorer relationship of inbred materials; they can also be used as general molecular markers to identify the CMS-type hybrid purity of and systems.
细胞质雄性不育（CMS）是利用杂种优势的主要机制。CMS三系杂交油菜显著提高了产量，引发了全球杂交品种革命，取代了传统作物品种。在过去的半个世纪里，中国引领了杂交品种的发展。两个不育系，（）和2A，对油菜三系杂交系统的建立尤为重要，开启了杂种优势利用的新时代。然而，在当前的育种实践中，鉴定任何自交材料的恢复系或保持系关系以及细胞质类型需要长达三年的时间。这极大地影响了新品种的育种速度，抑制了油菜产业的快速发展。为了解决这个问题，我们基于油菜CMS系、保持系和恢复系之间基因序列的差异，开发了一组分子标记，用于鉴定可育细胞质基因N和不育细胞质基因S，以及可育核基因R和不育核基因r。结合这些标记可以准确鉴定油菜和系统的CMS系、保持系和恢复系及其杂种。这些标记不仅可用于鉴定自交材料的保持系和恢复系关系；还可作为通用分子标记用于鉴定油菜和系统的CMS型杂交种纯度。
