Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2023 Apr 12;31(4):485-499. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.016.
Microbial communities are shaped by positive and negative interactions ranging from competition to mutualism. In the context of the mammalian gut and its microbial inhabitants, the integrated output of the community has important impacts on host health. Cross-feeding, the sharing of metabolites between different microbes, has emergent roles in establishing communities of gut commensals that are stable, resistant to invasion, and resilient to external perturbation. In this review, we first explore the ecological and evolutionary implications of cross-feeding as a cooperative interaction. We then survey mechanisms of cross-feeding across trophic levels, from primary fermenters to H consumers that scavenge the final metabolic outputs of the trophic network. We extend this analysis to also include amino acid, vitamin, and cofactor cross-feeding. Throughout, we highlight evidence for the impact of these interactions on each species' fitness as well as host health. Understanding cross-feeding illuminates an important aspect of microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions that establishes and shapes our gut communities.
微生物群落由正相互作用和负相互作用塑造，这些相互作用的范围从竞争到共生。在哺乳动物肠道及其微生物居民的背景下，群落的综合产出对宿主健康有重要影响。在建立稳定、抗入侵和对外界干扰有弹性的肠道共生体群落方面，种间代谢物共享的互惠共生作用具有突出的作用。在这篇综述中，我们首先探讨了作为一种合作相互作用的互惠共生的生态和进化意义。然后，我们调查了跨营养级的种间代谢物共享机制，从初级发酵者到 H 消费者，它们可以利用营养网络的最终代谢产物。我们将这一分析扩展到包括氨基酸、维生素和辅因子的种间代谢物共享。在整个过程中，我们强调了这些相互作用对每个物种适应性以及宿主健康的影响的证据。了解种间代谢物共享阐明了微生物-微生物和宿主-微生物相互作用的一个重要方面，这些相互作用建立和塑造了我们的肠道群落。
