ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Microbiology Unit, 40, rue Lionnois, 54 000 Nancy, France.
ANSES, Strategy and Programs Department, Research and Reference Division, Maisons-Alfort F-94 700, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 10;881:163453. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163453. Epub 2023 Apr 12.
The present study reviewed the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the evaluation of virus infectivity in feces and environmental matrices. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces and wastewater samples, reported in several studies, has generated interest and concern regarding the possible fecal-oral route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. To date, the presence of viable SARS-CoV-2 in feces of COVID-19 infected people is not clearly confirmed although its isolation from feces of six different patients. Further, there is no documented evidence on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, sludge and environmental water samples, although the viral genome has been detected in these matrices. Decay data revealed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA persisted longer than infectious particle in all aquatic environment, indicating that genome quantification of SARS-CoV-2 does not imply the presence of infective viral particles. In addition, this review also outlined the fate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the different steps in the wastewater treatment plant and focusing on the virus elimination along the sludge treatment line. Studies showed complete removal of SARS-CoV-2 during the tertiary treatment. Moreover, thermophilic sludge treatments present high efficiency in SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. Further studies are required to provide more evidence with respect to the inactivation behavior of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental matrices and to examine factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 persistence.
本研究回顾了 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的发生情况以及粪便和环境基质中病毒感染性的评估。几项研究报告了在粪便和废水中检测到 SARS-CoV-2 RNA，这引起了人们对 SARS-CoV-2 可能通过粪-口途径传播的关注和担忧。迄今为止，虽然从六位不同患者的粪便中分离出了 SARS-CoV-2，但仍未明确证实 COVID-19 感染者粪便中存在有活力的 SARS-CoV-2。此外，虽然在这些基质中检测到了病毒基因组，但关于废水中、污泥中和环境水中 SARS-CoV-2 的感染性尚无文献证据。衰减数据表明，在所有水生环境中，SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的持久性均长于感染性颗粒，这表明对 SARS-CoV-2 基因组的定量分析并不意味着存在有感染性的病毒颗粒。此外，本综述还概述了 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 在污水处理厂不同处理步骤中的命运，并重点关注了病毒沿污泥处理线的消除情况。研究表明，SARS-CoV-2 在三级处理过程中被完全去除。此外，嗜热污泥处理对 SARS-CoV-2 的灭活效率很高。需要进一步的研究来提供更多关于不同环境基质中传染性 SARS-CoV-2 的灭活行为的证据，并研究影响 SARS-CoV-2 持久性的因素。
