Saita Thanchira, Thitanuwat Bussarakam, Niyomdecha Nattamon, Prasertsopon Jarunee, Lerdsamran Hatairat, Puthavathana Pilaipan, Noisumdaeng Pirom
Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand.
Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 20;15(1):9663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94938-7.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been employed for monitoring the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infected population. Herein, the study aims to apply the WBE for surveillance and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in Bangkok, where the highest official covid-19 cases reported in Thailand, during the fully opening for international tourists in early 2023. A total of 200 wastewater samples (100 influent and 100 effluent samples) were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during January-May 2023. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by real time qRT-PCR with accounting for 51% (102/200). Of these, 88% (88/100) and 14% (14/100) were detected in influent and effluent samples, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration was detected in ranged of 4.76 × 10-1.48 × 10 copies/L. The amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has increased approximately 4 times from the lag phase (January-March) to the log phase (April-May). Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed that correlation between estimated infected population and weekly reported cases was statistically significant (p-value = 0.017). SARS-CoV-2 RNA in influent had a statistically significant relationship with weekly reported cases (r = 0.481, p-value < 0.001). Lag time analysis revealed early warning 1-3 weeks before rising covid-19 cases observed. GIS was applied for spatial-temporal analysis at the province level, suggesting real time dashboard should be further developed.
基于废水的流行病学（WBE）已被用于监测感染新冠病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的人群。在此，本研究旨在将WBE应用于泰国官方报告新冠疫情病例数最高的曼谷，对2023年初全面向国际游客开放期间的SARS-CoV-2进行监测。2023年1月至5月期间，从10个污水处理厂（WWTPs）共采集了200份废水样本（100份进水样本和100份出水样本）。通过实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA的样本占51%（102/200）。其中，进水样本和出水样本中检测到的比例分别为88%（88/100）和14%（14/100）。检测到的SARS-CoV-2 RNA浓度范围为4.76×10至1.48×10拷贝/升。从滞后期（1月至3月）到对数期（4月至5月），SARS-CoV-2 RNA的量增加了约4倍。斯皮尔曼相关系数显示，估计感染人群与每周报告病例之间的相关性具有统计学意义（p值 = 0.017）。进水样本中的SARS-CoV-2 RNA与每周报告病例具有统计学显著关系（r = 0.481，p值 < 0.001）。滞后时间分析显示，在观察到新冠病例上升前1至3周有早期预警。地理信息系统（GIS）被应用于省级层面的时空分析，表明应进一步开发实时仪表盘。
