Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Adv Immunol. 2023;157:29-58. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.10.001. Epub 2022 Nov 24.
The immune system is deeply involved in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis, and narcolepsy. Additionally, the immune system is involved in various brain diseases including cerebral infarction and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In particular, reports related to T cells are increasing. T cells may also play important roles in brain deterioration and dementia that occur with aging. Our understanding of the role of immune cells in the context of the brain has been greatly improved by the use of acute ischemic brain injury models. Additionally, similar neural damage and repair events are shown to occur in more chronic brain neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of T cells, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cerebral infarction and neurodegenerative diseases.
免疫系统与中枢神经系统（CNS）的自身免疫性疾病密切相关，如多发性硬化症、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体脑炎和嗜睡症。此外，免疫系统还参与包括脑梗死和阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）等神经退行性疾病在内的各种脑部疾病。特别是，与 T 细胞相关的报告正在增加。T 细胞可能在衰老时发生的脑退化和痴呆中也发挥重要作用。急性缺血性脑损伤模型的应用极大地提高了我们对免疫细胞在大脑中的作用的理解。此外，在更慢性的脑神经退行性疾病中也显示出类似的神经损伤和修复事件。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 T 细胞（包括 CD4 T 细胞、CD8 T 细胞和调节性 T 细胞（Tregs））在脑梗死和神经退行性疾病中的作用。
