Zheng Luoyuan, Cao Tingting, Xiong Puling, Ma Yulian, Wei Limin, Wang Jianfeng
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University,, Wenzhou, China.
Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Mar 31;14:1081629. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1081629. eCollection 2023.
A lower prevalence of dental caries (hereafter termed "caries") has been observed in children with dental extrinsic black stain (EBS).
We investigated the epidemiologic characterization of EBS and explored the possible role of the oral microbiome (OM) and gut microbiome (GM) in EBS formation and caries prevention. In an epidemiologic survey, 2,675 children aged 3-6 years were included. Thirty-eight of these children (7 children had both caries and EBS, 10 had EBS only, 11 had caries only, and 10 were healthy children) were recruited for 16S rRNA sequencing and collection of samples of supragingival plaque and feces. Collected plaque samples were divided into four groups: BCP (EBS+, caries+), BP (EBS+, caries-), CP (EBS-, caries+), and P (EBS-, caries-). Fecal samples were also divided into four groups: BCF (EBS+, caries+), BF (EBS+, caries-), (EBS-, caries+), and F (EBS-, caries-).
EBS was observed in 12.10% of this population. Children with EBS had a significantly reduced prevalence of caries and a lower mean value of decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft; < 0.01). According to analyses of dental plaque, the P group had the most complex microbiome. The BCP group exhibited greater operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness but a reduced evenness compared with the BP group, and the CP group showed greater OTU richness than the BP group. At the genus level, higher abundance of and species was observed in the BCP group. Higher abundance of and species was observed in the BP group compared with P and CP groups, respectively ( < 0.05). species were significantly more common in P and CP groups than in BP groups, whereas and species were more common in the CP group ( < 0.05). With regard to the GM, the group exhibited greater OTU diversity than the BF group. The GM in the BCF group exhibited the most complex relationships across all fecal groups. GM groups could be distinguished by various unique biomarkers, such as and species in the BCF group, and species in the group, species in the BF group, and species in the F group. Our results suggest that EBS is a possible protective factor against early-childhood caries. Dental plaque and the GM may be relevant to EBS in primary dentition.
在患有牙齿外源性黑斑（EBS）的儿童中，龋齿（以下简称“龋病”）的患病率较低。
我们调查了EBS的流行病学特征，并探讨了口腔微生物群（OM）和肠道微生物群（GM）在EBS形成和预防龋齿中的可能作用。在一项流行病学调查中，纳入了2675名3至6岁的儿童。其中38名儿童（7名儿童既有龋病又有EBS，10名仅有EBS，11名仅有龋病，10名是健康儿童）被招募用于16S rRNA测序以及龈上菌斑和粪便样本的采集。采集的菌斑样本分为四组：BCP（EBS阳性，龋病阳性）、BP（EBS阳性，龋病阴性）、CP（EBS阴性，龋病阳性）和P（EBS阴性，龋病阴性）。粪便样本也分为四组：BCF（EBS阳性，龋病阳性）、BF（EBS阳性，龋病阴性）、CF（EBS阴性，龋病阳性）和F（EBS阴性，龋病阴性）。
在该人群中，12.10%的儿童观察到有EBS。患有EBS的儿童龋病患病率显著降低，龋失补牙面均值（dmft）也较低（P<0.01）。根据牙菌斑分析，P组的微生物群最为复杂。与BP组相比，BCP组表现出更高的操作分类单元（OTU）丰富度，但均匀度降低，并且CP组的OTU丰富度高于BP组。在属水平上，BCP组中观察到 菌属和 菌属的丰度较高。与P组和CP组相比，BP组中 菌属和 菌属的丰度分别更高（P<0.05）。 菌属在P组和CP组中比在BP组中显著更常见，而 菌属和 菌属在CP组中更常见（P<0.05）。关于GM，CF组的OTU多样性高于BF组。BCF组的GM在所有粪便组中表现出最复杂的关系。GM组可以通过各种独特的生物标志物来区分，例如BCF组中的 菌属和 菌属、CF组中的 菌属和 菌属、BF组中的 菌属以及F组中的 菌属。我们的结果表明，EBS可能是预防幼儿龋病的一个保护因素。牙菌斑和GM可能与乳牙列中的EBS有关。
