Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jun;29(6):1191-1201. doi: 10.3201/eid2906.221786. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
The continuous evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of subtype H3 in China and the emergence of human infection with AIV subtype H3N8 highlight their threat to public health. Through surveillance in poultry-associated environments during 2009-2022, we isolated and sequenced 188 H3 AIVs across China. Performing large-scale sequence analysis with publicly available data, we identified 4 sublineages of H3 AIVs established in domestic ducks in China via multiple introductions from wild birds from Eurasia. Using full-genome analysis, we identified 126 distinct genotypes, of which the H3N2 G23 genotype predominated recently. H3N8 G25 viruses, which spilled over from birds to humans, might have been generated by reassortment between H3N2 G23, wild bird H3N8, and poultry H9N2 before February 2021. Mammal-adapted and drug-resistance substitutions occasionally occurred in H3 AIVs. Ongoing surveillance for H3 AIVs and risk assessment are imperative for potential pandemic preparedness.
在中国，亚型 H3 的禽流感病毒（AIVs）不断进化，以及人类感染 AIV 亚型 H3N8 的出现，突显了它们对公共卫生的威胁。通过 2009 年至 2022 年在与家禽相关的环境中进行监测，我们在中国各地分离和测序了 188 株 H3 AIV。通过对公开数据进行大规模序列分析，我们确定了 4 个在中国家鸭中建立的 H3 AIV 亚谱系，这些亚谱系是通过欧亚大陆野生鸟类的多次传入而建立的。使用全基因组分析，我们确定了 126 个不同的基因型，其中 H3N2 G23 基因型最近占主导地位。从鸟类传播到人类的 H3N8 G25 病毒可能是在 2021 年 2 月之前由 H3N2 G23、野生鸟类 H3N8 和家禽 H9N2 之间的重组产生的。H3 AIV 中偶尔会出现哺乳动物适应和耐药性取代。对 H3 AIV 的持续监测和风险评估对于潜在的大流行准备至关重要。
